Crime topic 6- effects of imprisonment Flashcards
what are the 4 additional studies ?
Gillis and Nafekh – employment programmes
Restorative Justice
Anger management programmes
Community sentences
what did Gillis and Nafekh – employment programmes want to achieve?
they were investigating how the use of employment programmes in prison would help prevent of recidivism rates of this community based employment scheme Gillis and nafekh compared 2 groups of men and women on conditional release.
Data was available from 23,525 individuals on conditional release.
95% men 5% women
Quasi experiment independent variable was manipulated by classifying the participants into those who had been on an employment programme and those who had not.
what did results shows for the employment programmes ?
70% of the prisoners on the employment programme did not reoffend, while 55% of the non-programme prisoners did not reoffend.
For the criminals who did reoffend, it took on average 37 months to do so if they were on the employment programme while the non-programme criminals took an average of just 11 months to reoffend.
▪Gillis and Nafekh conclude that a planned programme that allows prisoners to work is one way of reducing reoffending rates
what are anger management programmes based on?
they are based on cognitive behavioural model of treatments, in a group or individual settings
The aim is to teach offenders to recognise feelings of anger, control their angry behaviour, and resolve conflict in positive ways
what are the 3 stages of the anger management programmes?
stage 1 cognitive preparation- The offender must learn to identify situations that serve as triggers that lead to angry outbursts.
stage 2 skills -Offenders learn different relaxation techniques to use when they have identified anger-provoking situations.
stage 3 application -The skills and awareness learned in previous stages is applied in practice. This is often done through role play, which allows offenders to practice in a controlled, non-threatening environment, such as during therapy sessions
how was the anger management principle applied in UK
In the UK, the main anger-management course used in prison settings is Controlling Anger and Learning to Manage it (CALM). The programme consists of 24 two-hour sessions that aim to reduce the frequency, intensity and duration of anger.
ho was anger management presented in Ireland?
compared 50 prisoners who had completed CALM with a control group of 37 men using self-report from the prisoners and observation data from the prison officers. Those in the CALM group rated themselves as less angry, and the prison officer observation data supported this. 92% of those in the CALM group showed improvement on at least one ‘angry behaviour’ measure, however the other 8% deteriorated. This suggests that whilst CALM typically is effective in the short-term, some offenders may not benefit from the programme.
what is the main study for this topic 6?
Haney et al (1973) – Study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison
