Crime Prevention And Control

Question 1

Clarke: Situational crime prevention

Answer 1

• “Pre-emptive approach that relies on reducing opportunities for crime rates rather than improving society
• Target hardening
• Rational Choice Theory

Question 2

Situational Crime Prevention: Evaluation

Answer 2

:( Displacement
-> Chaiken et al: crackdown on subway robberies simply displaced them to move to street robbery
:( Only focuses on tackling petty blue collar crimes rather than white collar ruling class crime

Question 3

Environmental Crime Prevention: Broken Windows

Answer 3

• Fixing deteriorating neighbourhoods, e.g. noise, graffiti, begging
• Prevents neighbourhoods from a spiral of deprivation

Question 4

Environmental Crime Prevention: Zero Tolerance

Answer 4

Proactively tackling even the slightest disorder even if it is not criminal

Question 5

Environmental Crime Prevention: (Right Realism) Eval

Answer 5

:) Clean car programme: cars were taken out of service immediately if they had any graffiti on them, only returning once clean
->as a result, graffiti was largely removed from the subway
:( Introduction of Zero Tolerance came about at the same time as a general decline in crime rates, therefore its efficacy may not be valid
:( Zero tolerance may lead to “defining deviancy up”

Question 6

Social and Community Crime Prevention (left realism): Perry Pre-school Project

Answer 6

• Pts were disadvantaged black kids
• participated in a 2 year intellectual enrichment programme
• when compared to the control group, the participant kids had significantly fewer arrests for majority of crimes and more had graduated high school and were employed

Question 7

Issues with Crime Prevention Strategies

Answer 7

Generally focus on lower-level petty blue collar crimes or interpersonal crimes
-> crimes of the powerful and green crime show not to be a government priority