crime prevention and control

Question 1

Ron clarke (RR) situational crime prevention ?

Answer 1

-describe SCP approach that relies not on improving society or its institutions but reducing opportunities
1)direct at specfic crimes
2)involve managing immediate enviourment of crime
3) aim to increase the effort and risks of committing and reduce the rewards

Question 2

AO3 ron clarke

Answer 2

-encourages displacement to other area

Question 3

kelling and wilson (RR) enviourmental crime prevention

Answer 3

-zero tolerance policy:crack down and prevent crime
-broken window theory -signs of disorder showing others a signal no one cares

Question 4

social and community crime prevention (LR)

Answer 4

-that longer term strategies aim to tackle the root cause rather than removing opportunities (poverty/unemployment)

Question 5

AO3 of social and community crime prevention

Answer 5

-unpopular with public will take years and time consuming

Question 6

foucault (surviellence)

Answer 6

-prison is how everyone is controlled by those in power
-24/7 surviellence, ID cards shift from sovreign to disciplinary
-soverign is visible punishment
-disciplinary is govern not jsut body but mind

Question 7

AO3 of foucault
Norris

Answer 7

-CCTV society causes displacement

Question 8

haggerty amd ericson (survillence)

Answer 8

-surveillance now involves manipulation of virtual objects (digital data)
-CCTV can no recognise facial recognition

Question 9

AO3 of haggerty and ericson

Answer 9

-assumes technology is placed fairly around the UK
-however it brings back labelling as it has whole communities under suspicion (targeting)

Question 10

feeley and simon (survillence)

Answer 10

-new techlonogy is emerging from disiciplinary as:
-focus on groups not individuals
-doesn’t want to rehabilitate offenders but prevent them
-uses calculation of risk (e.g young drivers, high insurance)

Question 11

Mathiesen (survillence)

Answer 11

-everybody watches everybody (self survillence)

Question 12

AO3 of mathiesen

Answer 12

• goverment can still impose strict media regulation

Question 13

-durkheim (punishment)

Answer 13

-retributive justice: punshiment is severe and cruel is motiviation is purely expressive
-restitutive justice: aims to make amends to the victim through compensation

Question 14

what do marxists believe about imprisionent ?

Answer 14

-imprisionment is a way of maintain social classes
-function of punishment is to maintain the socil order

Question 15

melossi and pavarini (marxists)

Answer 15

-captalism puts a price on the workers time so prisioners ‘do time’ to pay for crime (debt to soceity)

Question 16

usche and kirchheimer (marxists)

Answer 16

-under captalism imprisionement becomes the domiant form of punishment

Question 17

AO3 of marxists

Answer 17

-increase in punishment of white collar crime

Question 18

what do postivist victimology think ?

Answer 18

• focus on personal responsibilities linked to situational crime prevention
  -hardening a potential target
  -improving survillence
  -deflecting potential offenders from settings where crime occurs

Question 19

hans von hentig (PV)

Answer 19

-victims likley to be female,elderly
-v invites victimisation by the kind of person they are

Question 20

AO3 of hans von hentig

Answer 20

• ignores situation where victim is unaware of the victimsation
  -ignores wider structure factors influencing such as patriachy and poverty

Question 21

what is conflict victimology ?

Answer 21

-based on marxists and feminist
-places powerless group e.g WC and women at greatest risk of victimisation
-state have power to apply and deny labels from others

Question 22

Tombs and whyte (CV)

Answer 22

-‘saftey employees’
-where employer vioation leads to death
-functions to failure to label and delabel so they can hide crimes of the powerful

Question 23

AO3 tombs and whyte