Crime And Punishment Flashcards
Definition of justice
Doing what is right and fair based on the law
Why is justice important for Muslims?
One of allahs characteristics is ‘Al’Adl’ meaning ‘the just’ Muslims therefore strive to be fair in their own daily lives
‘I have prohibited myself injustice’ Hadith
Why do Muslims believe justice is important for the victims?
To show that there should be appropriate consequences for harmful actions
How do Muslims think that the distribution of wealth is unjust?
Islam forbid the charging of interest on things like loans as the rich get richer and the poor get poorer
Definition of crime
An act that is against the law
What is a qadi?
A judge in Muslim law
Definition of shariah?
Islamic legal system based on Muslim scholars’ understanding of the Qur’an, Sunnah and Hadith
What are Hudud crimes?
Crimes against goad, which have a fixed punishment
What is a Qisas crime?
Crimes against individuals or families, where the victims nearest relatives are able to choose their preferred punishment
What is a Ta’zir crime?
Crimes for which punishment is not stated in the Qur’an or the Hadith, and is therefore left to the discretion of a qadi
How is socialisation a cause of crime?
Difficulties in conforming to society’s norms because of poor parenting or a troubled family life
How is media stereotyping a cause of crime?
Prejudice against people from a particular social or racial backgrounds which reinforce negative perceptions towards specific groups forcing them into isolation and eventually crime
How is lack of opportunity a cause of crime?
Poor performance in examinations or lack of suitable job opportunities that people believe that are entitled to but denied
How is sub culture a cause of crime?
Peer groups that approve of or encourage delinquent behaviour due to a dislike for rules and disrespect for society
What are Muslims doing to end crime?
The Muslim chaplains association offers support to criminals and ex prisoners. Thy give pastoral car and prevent them from reoffending . Mosaic is an ex criminal programme they provide support and assistance. They help with housing an unemployment
Muslims believe crime is a d__________ from allah
With source of authority
Distraction
‘With intoxicants and gambling, Satan seeks only to incite enmity and hatred among you, and to stop you remembering God and prayer’ Syrah 5:90-91
What are Muslims attitudes to drugs and alcohol?
They are Harlan for Muslims
They cloud the mind
What is evil
A cause of human suffering
Name two types of evil?
Moral evil
Natural evil
What is moral evil?
The acts of humans which are considered to be morally wrong
What is natural evil?
Natural disaster, such as earthquakes or tsunamis
What do Muslims believe about the test of faith?
Many Muslims believe that they are only in earth for a short time. This life is to test to see that they must endure evil evil and suffering to paradise
Why do Muslims believe about freewill?
Most Muslims believe that they have freewill and are responsible for all of their actions. They must choose between the rights and wring
What does haram mean?
Disallowed
What does halal mean?
Allowed
What does the Quran say about how good actions will be rewarded?
Rewarded in paradise
Evil deeds punished in hell
Why are punishments needed in society?
To show that crimes are not acceptable because they break the law (deference) and that criminals should face consequences (retribution)
To keep society safe from offenders (protection)
To enable criminals to realise the error of their ways (reformation)
Why do some Muslims believe in the death penalty?
Prophet Muhammad sentenced people to death
Muslim law states it is the punishment for murder adultery and apostasy
‘Believers in the case of murder, the death penalty is the sanctioned retaliation’ Syrah 2:178
What is Qisas?
The law of retaliation
Aims to provide an effective and practical means to safeguard human life
What is blood money?
Money paid to the relatives of a murder victim
What is situation ethics?
The idea that people should base moral decisions on what is the most loving thing to do
What is fitrah?
The nature humans are born with
What is the Muslim attitude towards protection?
Punishment should protect society from criminals
What are the Muslims attitudes towards retribution?
Criminals should pay for their crimes, suffering the consequences of their actions
What are the Muslims attitudes towards deterrence?
Punishment should put people off committing crimes
What are the Muslim attitudes towards reformation?
Punishment should try to change criminals so that they do not reoffend. This makes them realise The harm caused and offered them a second chance
How can deterrence and retribution be seen in some Muslim countries?
In some Muslim countries criminals are publicly humiliated for commenting certain offences as retribution. The punishment also acts to protect society and deter others from committing he same crimes
Why do some Muslims emphasise reform?
Because Allah is merciful and forgives all sins, compassion should therefore be shown to criminals who should deserve a second chance
What are the 4 aims of punishments?
Protection
Retribution
Deterrence
Reformation
Define deterrence
Something to put people off wrongdoing
Define protection
Keeping safe from harm
Define reformation
Changing for the better
Define retribution
Punishment for a wrong or criminal act
Who did Malala Yousafzai forgive?
She protested about lack of rights to education for girls and was shot in the face
She later did on 13/7/15 in a speech to United Nations that ‘I do not even hate the Talib who shot me.’
Why is forgiveness important for Muslims?
‘Allah is oft-forgiving, most merciful’
2 of the 99 names of Allah are the merciful and the forgiving this makes it important because Muslims are taught that if they have done wrong and promise not to do it again Allah will show mercy
On the day of judgement Allah will show forgiveness and mercy to those who show mercy and forgiveness to the fellow humans. If Muslims don’t want to go to Al-Jannah they must show mercy to others. They will be judged on the day of Al-Qadr
What does restorative justice do?
Promotes reconciliation between offender and victim
What are the three steps to restorative justice?
Repentance from the offender
Forgiveness from the victim or family
reconciliation between two parties
Where was restorative justice preserved?
Prophets Madinah Charter
Islam teaches j________ and the importance of basic rights for everyone
Justice
Muslims believe that many h________ r_______ given in the universal declaration of human rights, adopted by the U__________ Nations in 1948, were already granted by the Quran and the Hadith fourteen centuries ago. This include the humane treatment of criminals
Human rights
United
What are divergent Muslims attitudes towards the treatment of criminals?
Varying views
Majority support the process of fair trials and trial by jury
Ideas such as situation ethics and utilitarianism may accept the use of torture for the greater good, however he fast majority oppose the use of torture
What does Islam teach about the treatment of criminals?
The humane treatment of criminals
’ do not let hatred of others lead you away from justice’ Quran Surah 5:8
What did Nelson Mandela do in the treatment of criminals?
He advocated humane treatment of prisoners
Nelson Mandela rules in his honour
Spent 27 years in prison for global human rights, equality and democracy
What is a fair trial?
A public hearing by an independent tribunal established by law, that takes place within a reasonable time
Define human rights
Rights which all human beings are entitled to
Define torture
Inflicting severe pain on someone
What is trial by jury?
A trail where the jury’s decision directs the actions of the judge
Who are the United Nations?
An international organisation of independent states formed in 1945 to promote peace, international cooperation and security
What is utilitarianism?
The idea that whatever promoted the greatest good or happiness for the greatest number of individuals is what is morally right
What is the purpose of capital punishment?
Used to highlight the seriousness of committing some types of crime and as a deterrent to other people.
What are the common forms of capital punishment
Hanging
Electrocution
Lethal injection
What are Muslim teachings about capital punishments?
Muslims often disagree
Many Muslims refer to Hadith to justify the use of capital punishment in the cases of adultery, murder, and apostasy
Some add blasphemy to the list
What are non religious attitudes towards capital punishment?
Atheists and humanists generally do not support capital punishments
Situation ethics does not have an absolute rule. Decides on a case by case basis
What are Muslims responses to non religious attitudes towards capital punishment?
Allah is just, therefore justice must be carried out even if it means putting someone to death
Muslims agree that human life is special
Those who kill fellow humans must face consequences
Emphasise that Quran permits capital punishment for certain crimes
