Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History paper 1 > crime and punishment 1700-1900 > Flashcards

crime and punishment 1700-1900 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

what changed regarding smuggling?

A

-it was much more large scale-
gang related smuggling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who were the Hawkhurst gang?

A

-controlled smuggling on a much larger scale
-violent
-were caught and hanged in 1748-49

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why was catching smugglers difficult?

A

-they worked at night
-with miles of un policed coastlines they could operate cargo undetected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what was highway robbery?

A

-threatening and attacking travellers and forcing them to hand over their goods
-became more common in 18th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why was there an increase in smuggling?

A

-increase in trade meant there was more need to transport goods and money- no place for safekeeping so people carried round with them
-increase in towns meant there was isolated countrysides with more opportunity for crime
-increase in the quality of roads, leading to more travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why was highway robbery treated as a serious crime?

A

-it disrupted travel between towns
-sometimes committed on the kings highway
-involved theft of mail bags and so disrupted postal services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why did highway robbery decrease?

A

-in 1772 the death penalty was introduced as punishment for highway robbery
-deterred people
-last reported case was in 1831
-use of mounted patrols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what changed regarding smuggling?

A

-like smuggling, it became more large scale - prompted anti-poaching laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what law was passed regarding poaching?

A

-the 1723 black act
-made it illegal to paint faces black as a disguise,carrying weapons or even owning dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why was the black act resented?

A

-viewed as unfair
-only wealthy landowners could afford to hunt
-in 1823 it was repealed by Robert peel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happened regarding witchcraft?

A

-in 1736 it was decriminalised,people no longer viewed it as a serious crime
-now seen as tricksters trying to take advantage of gullible people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who were the Tolpuddle martyrs?

A

-in February 1834, George Loveless was arrested and 5 others were arrested shortly after
-they were accused of and tried under an old law intended on stopping sailor mutinies
-real motive was to stop political activities-discussing higher wages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what was significant about the Tolpuddle martyrs ?

A

-they were sentenced to transportation to Australia
-as the news spread,there was mass protests and a petition of 20,000 signatures was signed to bring them back
-shows a return of public influence on law and order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why was there a decline in the use of the death penalty?

A

-the number of capital punishment crimes increased from 50 to 160
-it was seen as inhumane
-seen as ineffective
-increased belief in reformation
-alternative punishments-transportation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what was transportation to Australia?

A

-England lost American colonies as they gained independence and so turned to Australia
-an effective punishment seen as a harsh deterrant however it was more humane
-about 120,000 were transported as a result, one sixth were women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why was transportation to Australia seen as effective?

A

-prisons were not designed to hold large numbers of criminals
-prisoners would help populate the new colony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what were conditions like on the transportation to Australia?

A

-overcrowded
-kept in chains
-kept below in the dirty decks
-when they arrived they were provided with new basic housing

18
Q

why did transportation end?

A

-people in Australia believed that they were responsible for high crime rates
-free settlers restricted the number of jobs for others
-inhumane conditions
-it became a desired place to settle and start over-less of a deterrent
-more prisons built
-people concerned with costs to keep up colonies

19
Q

why was there an end to public executions?

A

-they were supposed to act as a deterrent however they turned into entertainment that large crowd would gather to witness
-crowds were drunk
-fun over solemn
-crowds mocked authorities
-large crimes provided opportunity for crime

20
Q

what was the change of the role of prisons?

A

-the use of imprisonment as punishment grew
-ability to change and rehabilitate
-still acted as a deterrent
-involved hard work to pay back society
-made society safer

21
Q

what were conditions of prisons like?

A

-harsh labour
-tread wheel - eight hours of walking a day in 10 mins intervals with 5 mins between them
-no communication
-used to generate basic necessities-water

22
Q

what did John Howard do?

A

-believes criminals only change their ways if received fair standard of living
-recommends clean clothes,wages,food to ensure no exploitation
-made frequent visits to goalers to tell them to change their treatment
-toured prisons to remodel an improve prisons

23
Q

what did Elizabeth Fry do?

A

-did charity work helping the sick and poor
-disgusted by conditions and treatment of women and kids
-taught sewing and lead bible classes
-ensures female wardens were recruited to work with women and kids
-organised prison education for women and kids
-wrote letters and campaigned for freedom
-improve living conditions

24
Q

what was crime prevention like in the 18th century?

A

-parish constables-dealt with disorderly behaviour
-watchmen responsible for protecting private property
-part-time soldiers dealt with rebellions and riots

25
Q

who were the Bow street Runners?

A

-crime fighting team in London in 1748
-started off led by Henry Fielding and a bunch of volunteers
-1754 John Fielding took over and due to their success they begun to get payed for their services
-first modern detective force

26
Q

what was the significance of the Bow Street Runners?

A

-deterred criminals by increasing chances of being caught
-organised regular foot and horse patrols
-became a hub for crime intelligence network

27
Q

what was set up in 1792?

A

-the Middlesex Justices Act set up further offices with 6 constables tasked with the job of detecting and arresting suspects

28
Q

why was there still opposition to ideas of a consolidated police force?

A

-feared a lack of freedom
-doubted it’s effectiveness
-too expensive

29
Q

what happened in 1829?

A

-England’s first professional police force set up
-Metropolitan police act gave London a uniformed police force
17 districts had it’s own police division with 144 constables

30
Q

what developments in police forces happened?

A

-lack of communication resulted in all areas of police force being centrally controlled
-forces were frequently monitored
-idea that it would be a deterrent if people knew they was being watched

31
Q

what was set up in 1869?

A

-the first National Crime Records to ensure fast communication and criminal database

32
Q

what was set up in 1842?

A

-regular detective branch
-focused on investigating crime and wore ‘plain clothes’ to blend in

33
Q

what was set up in 1842?

A

-the criminal Investigations Department (CID)
-developed new methods of detection

34
Q

what was Pentonville prison?

A

-built in 1842 as a prototype to test the ‘separate system’

35
Q

what were separate conditions intended on?

A

-opportunity for individual improvement
-give solitude to prisoners to encourage reform through religion
-ensure nobody was influenced to commit worse crimes
-deterrent
-ensure retribution

36
Q

how was Pentonville prison built?

A

-5 wings with a base for staff
-each wing made up of dozens of individual cells
-accommodated 520 prisoners
-small floor space (4m by 2m)
-small window fixed with iron bars
-up to date technology
-clean water

37
Q

what ere living conditions like in Pentonville prison?

A

-thick walls to block communication
-isolated
-boring and repetitive jobs
-short periods of time for exercise but no communication

38
Q

how did treatment of prisoners decline in Pentonville?

A

-hard labour
-hard fare-bland diet
-hard board-uncomfortable beds

39
Q

what were Robert Peels’s key strengths?

A

-open to new ideas
-skilful at seeing things through parliament
-prime minister and home secretary

40
Q

what did Robert Peel do?

A

-passed the 1823 Gaols Act

41
Q

what did the 1823 Gaols act say?

A

-prisoners received regular visits from prison chaplains
-gaolers should be payed
-female prisoners watched by female gaolers
-prisoners no longer held in chains

42
Q

why did the police force face criticism?

A

-poorly-trained
-recruited from immoral backgrounds
-immoral tendencies
fears of oppression and lack of freedom

History paper 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions