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History paper 1 > crime and punishment 1000-1500 > Flashcards

crime and punishment 1000-1500 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who ruled England from 978-1026?

A

King Ethelred ll

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2
Q

What was the role of Anglo-Saxon kings?

A

-chosen by God,
-responsible for keeping the kings peace

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3
Q

What was the role of the nobles?

A

-King’s main supporters
-received land from king in return for help upholding kings’s peace
-helped decide laws

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4
Q

who were the freemen?

A

-rent or own small pieces of land
-did not have a say in laws

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5
Q

who were the serfs?

A

-own no land
-worked for very little pay
-gave crops to landowners

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6
Q

what was crime against the person?

A

-crimes that cause physical bodily harm
-e.g. assault,murder

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7
Q

what was crime against property?

A

-crimes that involve taking from or damaging another persons belongings
-e.g. arson,theft

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8
Q

what were moral crimes?

A

-crimes that did not harm anything/anyone but did not match up to society’s views
-e.g. adultery,

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9
Q

what was collective responsibility?

A

-a way of law enforcement
-if someone committed a crime in your community, everyone was responsible and had to pay the price

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10
Q

who were reeves?

A

-a local official,appointed by the community
-carried out decisions made by local courts

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11
Q

what were Abbeys ?

A

-church committees such as monks or nuns
-required daily labourers to run the buildings

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12
Q

what did Anglo-Saxons believe about justice and how society should be organised?

A

-the role of the local community in policing was very important
-God was the final judge of innocence or guilt
-the status or position of different groups affected punishment

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13
Q

what was the role of the community in Anglo-Saxon law?

A

-the belief that the victim should seek justice if a crime was committed
-the whole community should play a part in delivering justice

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14
Q

how were Anglo-Saxon communities divided?

A

-they were delivered into “hundreds” which consisted of 10 tithings (10 families per tithing)
-men over 12 were held responsible for the behaviour of others

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15
Q

what was a shire reeve?

A

-A man who was appointed locally to bring criminals to justice
-role was to prevent crime

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16
Q

what was the hue and cry?

A

-if anyone witnessed a crime they had to shout and alert everyone
-anyone who heard the had to help to chase down the criminal

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17
Q

what was oath taking?

A

-the accused would swear of their innocence to God in front of a witness
- most cases the accused would walk free
-not an option for re-offenders

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18
Q

what was trial by ordeal?

A

-used in cases where there was not enough evidence
-the accused would be tried by the church to seek if they was guilty or innocent in the eyes of God

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19
Q

what was trial by hot iron?

A

-the accused would be branded and burnt with a piece of iron
-if the wound healed they was seen as innocent
-if the wound got infected they was seen as guilty

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20
Q

what was trial by cold water?

A

-the accused would be tied up and thrown into water
-if they sunk they were innocent
-if they floated they were guilty

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21
Q

what was the wergild?

A

-intended on stopping blood feuds
-if someone was killed,they had to pay a fine to the victim’s family

22
Q

what is corporal punishment?

A

-a series of punishments that included harming someone
-e.g. maiming

23
Q

what is capital punishment?

A

-the death penalty

24
Q

what was a deterrent?

A

-a punishment that was frightening or painful
-intended to put people off of doing the same

25
Q

what is retribution?

A

-a severe punishment intended to match the severity of the crime

26
Q

what was treason?

A

-plotting against the king

27
Q

what was heresy?

A

-going against the church views

28
Q

what were the stocks and pillory?

A

-public punishment
-a combination of pain,discomfort and humiliation
-deterrent

29
Q

who was the Norman king?

A

-William conqueror

30
Q

what happened in Williams reign?

A

-the influence of the king increased
-law became more centralised
-extended use of harsh punishments

31
Q

how did William respond to rebellions?

A

-he used brutal force
-burned crops
-killed animals

32
Q

how did William organise England?

A

-the feudal system

33
Q

what is the order of the feudal system?

A

-king
-nobles
-knights
-serfs

34
Q

how did the feudal system work?

A

-everyone owed money for service to the person above them
-serfs were forbidden to leave

35
Q

what was the murdrum?

A

-a new fine to control Anglo-Saxon revenge kills
-if a Norman was killed by an Anglo-Saxon,they would have to pay a heavy fine to the king
-paid by the hundred where the body was found

36
Q

what were forest laws?

A

-William declared large stretches of the English countrysides as “royal forests”
-this made carrying weapons and taking resources was illegal unless you could afford it

37
Q

what was poaching?

A

-a new crime making hunting illegal on land that belonged to someone else

38
Q

who were outlaws?

A

-some criminals didn’t want to face trial and so would run away to live in the forest (14+)
-women who did it were said to be ‘waived’ and lost all protection of the law

39
Q

who were the Folville gang?

A

-a group of 50 outlaws who carried out many serious crimes
-hard to be stopped

40
Q

what were similarities between Norman and Anglo-Saxon punishments?

A

-fines still payed (wergild,murdrum)
-king responsible for upholding law and order
(kings peace,kings mund)

41
Q

what were some differences between Norman and Anglo-Saxon punishments?

A

-fines previously payed to the family was now payed to king
-law more centralised now
-role of king over role of community

42
Q

what was trial by combat?

A

-used to settle disputes over large sums of money or land
-people involved would fight to the death

43
Q

what were some similarities to punishment?

A

-trial by ordeals
-hue and cry
-collective responsibility

44
Q

what did Henry set up in 1166
(later middle ages)

A

-encouraged courts to set up prisons for those awaiting trial
-ordered royal judges (justices) to hear most serious cases

45
Q

why did crime increase in the Later Middle Ages?

A

-increased population
-more people living in towns

46
Q

what changed regarding law enforcement?

A

-a more centralised approach was needed
-shift from local communities
-increased form of government

47
Q

what was the statue of labourers?

A

-the black death meant less people worked
-this meant people could demand higher wages
-this law made it illegal to ask for higher wages

48
Q

who were coroners?

A

-dealt with situations of suspicious death

49
Q

what did Richard do in 1195?

A

appointed knights ans keepers of the kings peace in areas seen as unruly
-seen as “good and lawful”
-called justices of the peace
-appointed by the king

50
Q

what was the punishment for high treason in the later middle ages?

A

-being hung drawn and quartered

History paper 1 (4 decks)

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