crime and punishment

Question 1

what types of crimes are there

Answer 1

~ crimes against property
~ crimes against a person
~crimes against authority

Question 2

what was the early medieval society like {punishment wise}

Answer 2

the early king would allow blood feuds

~ blood feuds= this meant that the victim can
get justice by punishing the
criminals first

Question 3

what was Anglo Saxon England made up of

Answer 3

was made up largely by farming communities that shared responsibility of law and order

Question 4

when did the Norman’s invade England

Answer 4

~1066
~ william duke of normandy following his victory in the battle of hastings became the new king of england

Question 5

what changes were made under the Normans

Answer 5

following the Norman invasion king William changed the structure/ buildings of the castles

Question 6

what new law did the Normans introduce
{explain the law}

Answer 6

~forest laws

~they claimed that all forest land had now belonged to the king and therefore trees and so forth can no longer be cut down

Question 7

what type of reaction did the people have about the new law the normans introduced

Answer 7

many people ignored this new law due to the fact that they needed many recourses from the forest to survive

Question 8

what was forbidden under the new law the normans introduced

Answer 8

~ cutting down trees

~ owning a dog

~ using bow and arrows

Question 9

how was the law enforced if there was no police force in early medieval england times

Answer 9

the locals learnt to police themselves

~tithings

~hue and cry

~trail by jury

compurgation

Question 10

what was a tithing and who was involved

Answer 10

~every man over the age of 12 was expected
to join

~the tithing was a group of 10 men who were responsible for each other

~if one of the men broke the law then the tithing was responsible for taking him to court

Question 11

what was the hue and cry and what did it do

Answer 11

~ if any crime was committed then the witness
were obligated to do the hue and cry

~ this meant that the entire village would have
to stop what they were doing and chase after
the criminal

~ if someone did not participate then
everybody would have to pay a fine

~ if this failed then the sheriff would have a
posse to continue the search

Question 12

what was the trial by jury and how was it done

Answer 12

~ members of the local community

~ this was men who knew the accuser and the
person who was accused

~ if no evidence was present then the jury
would go off their characters

Question 13

what was compurgation

Answer 13

this is when the jury would swear that the accuser is guilty {an oath}

Question 14

what was a constable

Answer 14

~ these were made of well respected men

~ they were expected to have this role for 1
year and the main job was to keep peace in
their spare time

~ they keep an eye out for crime and raise the
hue and cry

Question 15

what were punishments like in Medieval England

Answer 15

the main principles were deterrence and retribution

Question 16

what was the main focus of retribution

Answer 16

~ the punishments were meant to be severe
enough that they would deter people from
committing the crime

~ the main idea was for people to pay for what
they have done

Question 17

what often happened to reoffenders

Answer 17

~ reoffenders were treated more harshly

~ sometimes they would face getting a limb getting cut off

~ the severity was to deter them from committing any other crimes

Question 18

what were the purpose of prisons in medieval England

Answer 18

~ either you were waiting for execution

~because you owed someone money

Question 19

what is capital punishment

Answer 19

this is known as the death penalty and execution

Question 20

what is corporal punishment

Answer 20

torture

Question 21

what is wergild alongside the purpose

Answer 21

~ this was a fine

~ the amount of money owed is the crime you
committed

Question 22

what changed did the Normans make when it came to punishments

Answer 22

~ the wergild system

~trial by combat

~ murdrum charge

Question 23

what type of reaction did the people have after the changes the Normans made on punishment

Answer 23

the Anglo Saxons hated the changes that the Normans were making onto their country and decided to fight back by killing Norman soldiers

Question 24

what was the purpose of trial by trial by combat

Answer 24

~ Normans were known to be warrior so it was
fit to bring the trial of combat

~ the accused had to fight the accuser to the
death or until one got tired

~ the loser was then hanged because it was
believed that God did not give them the
strength to win because they were guilty

Question 25

what happened to the wergild system

Answer 25

this was later removed and all fines were paid to the king

Question 26

what was the murdrum fine

Answer 26

~ this was a fine introduced to the king due to hostility from the Anglo Saxons ~ the fine had to be paid by all Anglo Saxons if one of them killed a Norman

Question 27

what was the role of the church in medieval England

Answer 27

~ the Anglo Saxons were believed to be very religious ~ they would let God decide if someone was innocent or guilty ~ all trials were held in the church except the trial of cold water because it was believed that that it should be done in the presence of God

Question 28

when did the church practice end

Answer 28

1215 by pope Innocent III

Question 29

what was the trial of hot iron

Answer 29

~ this trial was often done by women ~ the accused would carry a piece of hot mental ~ then the hand was bandaged ~ if the wound was healing then they were believed to be innocent

Question 30

what was the trial by hot water

Answer 30

~ the trial was usually done by taken by men ~ the accused had to dunk their hand into hot water and retrieve an object ~ the hand and arm were then bandaged for three days ~ if the hand and arms healed then they were believed to be innocent

Question 31

what was the trial by blessed bread

Answer 31

~ the trial was usually taken by priests ~ a priest that was present would pray that the accused priest would choke on the bread if they were found guilty ~ the accused would then eat the bread and if they choked they were found guilty

Question 32

what was the trial of cold water

Answer 32

~ this trial was taken by men ~ the accused would have a rope tied around their waist as they got lowered into the water ~ if the accused sank below the surface of gods pure water then he is believed to be innocent because the water was accepting him

Question 33

what types of trials were done in the church

Answer 33

~ trial by hot iron ~ trial by cold water ~ trial by hot water ~ trial by blessed bread

Question 34

what other methods were used by the medieval church

Answer 34

~ sanctuary ~ benefit of the clergy ~ church courts

Question 35

what is church sanctuary

Answer 35

~ this is when the person who committed a crime can run into the church and be protected ~ no on would be able to remove you from the church not even the county sheriff

Question 36

what is the church courts

Answer 36

~ the church claimed that they can try any clergyman accused ~ the trial would be in the presence of a local bishop ~ the difference between a normal court and a church court is that the church would never sentence the guilty to death no matter the severity of the crime ~ moral offences were also usually dealt by the court

Question 37

what is the benefit of the clergy

Answer 37

~ this was when the accused would choose to be tried in the church court because they were more lenient ~ this was only meant for priests however it shifted to anyone with a connection to the church ~ the priest would often test those who claimed the benefit of the clergy would test them by having them recite a bible verse by heart ~ this verse is known as the neck verse because it would either save you from hanging or would enable you to get hanged

Question 38

what would happen if you took benefit of the church sanctuary

Answer 38

~ people had 2 options either face trial or leave the country ~ people had 40 days to make their decision ~ if they chose to run away then they were forced to carry a wooden cross barefoot onto the first ship leaving to go abroad

Question 39

what was it like living in whitechapel

Answer 39

it was told to be over crowded populated where many families had no permanent homes and had families paying for 1 room weekly

Question 40

what is the definition of rookeries

Answer 40

these were densely populated areas filled with lodging houses

Question 41

what was crime like in white chapel

Answer 41

since it was so overly populated and had many alley ways crime rates were at an all time high allowing criminals to evade detection

Question 42

what was slum living

Answer 42

this is when there are multiple families living in one building with shared facilities like running water and toilets

Question 43

what was a workhouse

Answer 43

a workhouse was for people who were no longer able to work and had no other options

Question 44

what was it like in a workhouses

Answer 44

~ they were strict upon what time you got up, went to sleep, and also ate ~ families were separated at entry meaning children and mothers were parted and husbands parted from their wives

Question 45

what was a doss house

Answer 45

this was a place you would sleep for 1 night but for a fee

Question 46

how would you sleep in a doss house

Answer 46

~ 4D would secure you a coffin bed with a straw mattress ~ if you were unable to pay 4D but still had something to be able to buy you would sleep on rope tied to something to prevent you from falling

Question 47

what was a casual ward

Answer 47

a casual house was peoples last resort if they could not afford a doss house. you would often sleep in a room with 400+ for the night

Question 48

what was it like in a casual ward

Answer 48

you were expected to do hard labour like oakum picking which is when you pick apart rope fibres or work in the kitchen/ infirmary

Question 49

what would happen if you arrived in a casual house

Answer 49

~ expected to wash and change fed gruel with stale bread

Question 50

who were the 2 people trying to solve the poverty crisis in white chapel

Answer 50

~ George Peabody ~ Charles booth

Question 51

what did George Peabody do

Answer 51

he planned the slum clearance in 1876 by building flats known as the Peabody Estate

Question 52

what was the Peabody estate

Answer 52

~ 286 new flats had been built ~ these flats were intended to help the people with no homes with offering affordable rent ~ there was shared bathroom and kitchens ~ they were built from brick so no mould/ damp/ lice lived in the plaster

Question 53

what problems did the Peabody estate face

Answer 53

rent was to high so many residents was behind on it and as a result they were thrown onto the streets

Question 54

who and what did charles booth do

Answer 54

~ he was a business man and a social reformer ~ he created maps of Whitechapel to research the poverty situation ~ he used the maps to show the government how bad poverty was and even influenced some

Question 55

what challenges did the people of Whitechapel face

Answer 55

~ alcohol ~ poverty ~ immigration

Question 56

why was alcohol a problem in Whitechapel

Answer 56

many people used it as a coping mechanism and because of this crime rates increased because it was believed it made people venerable to crime making them targets

Question 58

what jobs were immigrants known to have in Whitechapel

Answer 58

~ copious tanneries ~ slaughter houses ~ butchers ~ sweatshops

Question 59

what problems did immigrants have in Whitechapel

Answer 59

~ prejudice ~ socialism and anarchism

Question 60

why did women resort to prostitution

Answer 60

because of the extreme poverty many women turned to prostitution in order to survive it was believed to be a necessity for women to survive

Question 61

what were the dangers of prostitution

Answer 61

it was dangerous because it made them incredibly venerable to crimes

Question 62

why was alcoholism so popular with prostitutes

Answer 62

because of their jobs they needed to heavily rely on alcohol as a coping mechanism and used it as an escape from their harsh reality

Question 63

why were Irish immigrants facing racism

Answer 63

they faced a large amounts for their catholic beliefs

Question 64

why is gangs such a big problem in Whitechapel

Answer 64

many of them often targeted the Jewish immigrants and the police feared these gangs so the jews felt as if they had no one to turn to

Question 65

what was the Irish immigrants religion

Answer 65

many were believed to be roman catholic

Question 66

why were there many immigrants migrating to Whitechapel

Answer 66

~ there was many places to sleep ~ there were many places offering work

Question 67

when was the police force in Whitechapel set up

Answer 67

~ 1929 ~ the police are spilt into different divisions

Question 68

how was the Whitechapel police organised

Answer 68

~ 500 police covering a place with a population of 176,000 ~ there was a rivalry between division

Question 69

who was in charge of the police in Whitechapel

Answer 69

The Metropolitan Police was controlled by the Home Secretary but the day to day running of the force was down to a commissioner

Question 70

who was Edmund Henderson

Answer 70

he was the man who was responsible for reducing the standards of the force

Question 71

what did Edmund Henderson

Answer 71

~ he reduced the amount of military drills and allowing offices to grow beards ~ he also increased the literary standards helping there to be changed in the detective force

Question 72

how did Edmund Henderson deal with the corruption in the police force

Answer 72

in 1878 there was a scandal in the detective force and because of this Henderson formed a new detective group

Question 73

when was the detective group in Whitechapel formed

Answer 73

1842

Question 74

what was the second detective group Henderson formed

Answer 74

CID= criminal investigation department

Question 75

when did Charles Warren become home sectary of the police force

Answer 75

1886

Question 76

who was Charles Warren

Answer 76

he was the person who raised the police standard and reversing some of the changes Henderson made

Question 77

what changes did warren make

Answer 77

he increased military drill to the extent where they were becoming similar to the army

Question 78

what were the 2 police districts known as

Answer 78

~ H division= policed over Whitechapel ~ city of london= covered the financial district which bordered Whitechapel

Question 79

what was the requirement to work in the police force

Answer 79

~ over 21+ and -32 {in age} ~ 5'9 in height without shoes ~ no more than 2 kids ~ they must be physically fit ~ they must have no business

Question 80

what was the uniform requirement for the police force

Answer 80

~ the beat constable would wear a deep blue wool trousers and same colour jacket ~ they would carry an oil lamp, whistle, handcuffs, truncheon ~ they would wear helmets known as the c custodians ~ before 1863 they were a top hat

Question 81

what was a beat in Whitechapel

Answer 81

officers were expected to patrol an area for a certain amount of time as a main tactic to tackle time

Question 82

what methods were used to catch jack the ripper

Answer 82

~ sketches ~ witness statements ~ autopsies crime scene photography

Question 83

how did the police try to understand the psychology of Jack the Ripper

Answer 83

the police surgeons constructed a profile

Question 84

what problems did the police face when trying to catch Jack the Ripper

Answer 84

~ the alleyways in whitechapel ~ the population ~ the media ~ the vigilance committee

Question 85

what was the Whitechapel vigilante committee

Answer 85

a commitee filled with private investigators to find jack the ripper because people believed the police were not trying hard enough

Question 86

why was the whitechapels vigilante commitee causing more harm then good

Answer 86

people were no longer going to the police meaning the police were not getting enough info while the vigilante commitee was getting fed false info

Question 87

why did many people believe that the police in Whitechapel incompetent

Answer 87

~ Cartoons depicted the police as incompetent and inept. ~ The press also published letters claiming to be from Jack the Ripper.