Crime and Deviance Flashcards
How are crime and deviance socially constructed?
They depend on social context, influenced by factors like time, age, gender, and cultural norms, making them subjective and reliant on societal norms.
How do functionalists explain crime and deviance?
Functionalists see crime as functional for society.
Durkheim emphasized the “collective conscience” for maintaining social order, Merton linked crime to societal inequality, and Hirschi argued less integrated individuals are more likely to be deviant.
What do subcultural theories suggest about deviance?
Groups form subcultures with their own norms and values when unable to achieve socially approved goals, gaining status through deviant or criminal activities (e.g., Cohen, Cloward & Ohlin).
How do Marxists view crime and deviance?
Traditional Marxists argue crime stems from unequal power dynamics, with the ruling class controlling the working class. Neo-Marxists see crime as resistance to exploitation and oppression.
What is the feminist perspective on crime?
Feminists argue women face societal controls limiting their opportunities for crime (Heidensohn, Carlen), though diminishing controls may increase female criminality (Adler).
How do interactionists explain crime and deviance?
Interactionists focus on labeling, where being labeled deviant leads to social isolation and seeking status in marginalized groups. The media amplifies deviance, creating moral panics.
What are the key differences between Right and Left Realists?
Right Realists focus on controlling individuals through restrictions and harsher punishments, whereas Left Realists address societal inequalities to provide legitimate opportunities and reduce crime.
