Beliefs in society

Question 1

Max Weber’s Substantive Definition of Religion

Answer 1

Defines religion as a belief in supernatural powers that cannot be scientifically explained.
Determines if a belief is religious based on its substance (e.g., belief in God, gods, or other supernatural entities).
Religion must involve supernatural beliefs.

Question 2

Functional definition of religion

Answer 2

Defines religion by the social or psychological functions it performs (e.g., promoting social cohesion or a collective conscience).
Does not require belief in the supernatural.
Example: Could football, which unites people and fosters a sense of belonging, be considered a religion?

Question 3

social constructionist definition of religion

Answer 3

Argues that a single, universal definition of religion is impossible due to its diversity.
Focuses on how beliefs become recognized as a religion.
Highlights the role of power in determining what is considered a religion.