crime 2.0 Flashcards
what is punishment?
imposing a sentence that inflicts some kind of pain or loss on the offender serves as a mean of social control. In sociology we ask why and how we punish.
what are the four aims of punishment?
Deterrence
Rehabilitation
Retribution
Societal Protection
What is the aim of deterrence and the two types?
Aims to prevent future criminal behaviour by making potential offenders fear the consequences of their actions.
Specific Deterrence: aims to deter the offender from committing future crimes by making the punishment unpleasant
General deterrence: aims to deter others in society from committing crimes by making an example of the punished individual.
What is the aim of retribution?
Individuals who have committed a crime should suffer in proportion to the harm they have caused.
What is the aim societal protection?
By incarcerating or otherwise restricting the freedom of offenders, society aims to prevent them from causing further harm to others.
What is the aim of rehabilitation?
The idea that offenders can be reformed and reintegrated into society. By providing with necessary skills and education for them to become a law abiding citizen again.
What is restorative justice?
Restorative justice is a different way of dealing with crime. Instead of punishment, it involves community-based solutions. The goal is to make the offender understand how their actions affect others and prevent them from committing more crimes in the future.
What are the four stages in the restorative justice process?
The encounter stage- all parties come together to meet
The amending stage- offender takes steps to repair the harm they’ve caused.
The reintegration stage- resolving stigma of being and offender/victim to reintegrate into society.
The inclusion stage- all parties agree to a resolution.
What is sentencing?
Sentencing is the legal process that occurs after someone has been found guilty of a crime. It’s the point where a judge decides the punishment or consequences the offender will face.
Factors that might be taken into account when sentencing an adult in Victoria?
Whether the crime was motivated by hatred or prejudice
The impact of the offence on any victim of the offence
The personal circumstances of any victim of the offence
Any injury, loss, damage
Whether the offender pleaded guilty
What are some controversies in sentencing?
- Mandatory Minimum Sentences: These require judges to impose a minimum sentence for certain offenses, leading to debates about fairness and flexibility.
- Racial Disparities: Concerns about unequal sentencing outcomes for different racial groups.
- Alternatives to Incarceration: Debates about using community-based alternatives rather than prison for some offenders.
What are the four sentencing options?
Incarceration: Offenders may be sentenced to serve time in prison.
Probation: Some offenders are given probation, which involves supervision and conditions outside of prison.
Fines and Restitution: Monetary penalties and compensation to victims.
Community Service: Offenders may be required to perform community service as part of their sentence.
what is restorative justice?
Different type of justice: Instead of punishment, it uses community-based solutions to make offenders aware of their actions’ impact, aiming to prevent them from repeating crimes.
what are the six principles of restorative justice?
- Repairing Harm
- Victim- centered: victim can say how the offender can make things right
- Offender Accountability: offenders take responsibility
- Community involvement : help the victim and the offenders to reintegrate into society.
- Cooperation and Communication
- Voluntary Participation
What are the four stages in the Restorative justice process?
- Encounter stage: all parties come together to meet
- The amending stage: offender takes steps to repair the harm they’ve caused.
- The reintegration stage: resolving stigma of being and offender/ victim to reintegrate into society.
- The inclusion stage: all parties agree to a solution.
