Crime

Question 1

Nature of crime in Scotland/uk+evidence

Answer 1

Non-Sexual Crimes of Violence - murder

Sexual Crimes - rape

Crimes of dishonesty - fraud

Question 2

Extent of crim in Scotland/uk+evidence

Answer 2

Most common types - for NSCOV - common assault

Decreasing - Damage & Reckless behaviour

Increasing Sexual Crime

Question 3

Social causes of crime + evidence

Answer 3

ACE’s - 20 x more likely to be imprisoned

Intoxication - 40% of prisoner were drunk when committing crimes

Education - People excluded from school more likely to commit crime

Question 4

Economic cause of crime + evidence

Answer 4

Greed - Natalie McGarry

Poverty - 75% of London boroughs with highest violence rates are in top 10 deprived areas

Unemployment - London has high rates of youth crime and youth unemployment

Question 5

Biological causes of crime + evidence

Answer 5

Warrior Gene - 13 x more likely to repeat violent behaviour

Hormones/Testosterone - 90% of prisoners are male

Brain Development/Psychopathy - Aaron Campbell

Question 6

Impact of crime on perpetrators + evidence

Answer 6

Loss of Liberty - Aaron Campbell

Breakdown of relationship Lee Cyrus’ family disowned him

Job opportunities - 30% of firms won’t hire ex-convicts

Question 7

Impact of crime on victims + evidence

Answer 7

Death/Severe Injury - Sarah Everard

Trauma - PTSD

Question 8

Impact of crime on families + evidence

Answer 8

Grief - Alisha McPhail’s mother

Loss of main breadwinner - Wayne Cousins’s family

Question 9

Impact of crime on communities + evidence

Answer 9

Anxiety in Local Communities - Bute/Alesha MacPhail

Higher insurance premium - car insurance in Edinburgh can be based on post code

Question 10

Impact of crime on the wider society + evidence

Answer 10

Distrust of police - Wayne Cousins was a policeman

Groups in Society feel unsafe - Sarah Everard

Question 11

Structure of court system in Scotland for criminal cases + evidence

Answer 11

High Court - usually Edinburgh & Glasgow

Sheriff Court - 49 in 6 sheriffdoms

JP Courts - minor offences

Children’s Panel - under 18’s

Question 12

Differences in powers available in each court+ evidence

Answer 12

High Court - Life imprisonment, unlimited fines

Sheriff Court - solemn (jury) 5 yrs, unlimited fine summary (no jury) - 1 yr, £10,000

JP Courts - 60 days, £2500

Children’s Panel - Supervision Requirement

Question 13

Effectiveness of the criminal court system as a response to tackling crime+evidence

Answer 13

Overall crime is at a record low -crime has fallen by 22% since 2011

They provide justice to victims - Sarah Everard

They keep the public safe - Aaron Campbell

Question 14

Government responses to crime in Scotland+evidence

Answer 14

Campaigns- No Knives Better Lives

Policy -Presumption Against Shorter Sentencing

Alcohol -Minimum Unit Pricing

Question 15

Effectiveness of government responses to tackling crime in Scotland+evidence

Answer 15

NKBL - murder rates down 60% in Glasgow

PASS - reduces likelihood of reoffending

MUP - 10% reduction in violent crime

Question 16

Role of the police+ evidence

Answer 16

Investigate Crime - Alesha MacPhail

Prevent Crime - Police Scotland website advice re phishing

Maintain Public Order - police at Hibs v Hearts games

Question 17

Powers of the police + evidence

Answer 17

Stop and Search - almost 30k in 2022

Breath Specimens - over 3k in Dec 2022

Seize and Surrender - £4.5 mill drugs in 3 month in 2023

Question 18

Structure of the police in Scotland + evidence

Answer 18

Community Policing - Campus Cops

Specialist Divisions - Counter Terrorism

Specialist Support Units - Dog Units

Question 19

The difference approaches to policing + evidence

Answer 19

Zero Tolerance - flares at football

CCTV - 300 times a day

New Technology - Drones

Question 20

Effectiveness of different approaches to policing as a response to tackling crime + evidence

Answer 20

Overall crime is at a record low down -22% since 2011

They provide justice to victims - Sarah Everard

They keep the public safe - Aaron Campbell

Question 21

Purposes of prisons in Scotland

Answer 21

Rehabilitation- Drug and Alcohol Treatment

Keep Public Safe -Aaron Campbell

Deterrence

Question 22

Advantages of prisons in Scotland + evidence

Answer 22

Rehabilitation -Drug and Alcohol Counselling

Workskills -Clink

Qualifications -Timpsons

Question 23

Disadvatages of prisons in Scotland + evidence

Answer 23

Drugs -HMP Hinkley 75% prisoners had drugs

Cost - £47k per prisoner per year

Overcrowding -300-400 over capacity in Scotland

Question 24

Purposes and advantages of alternatives to prison + evidence

Answer 24

CPO - keeps people out of prison 300-400 over capacity in Scotland

Tagging - cheaper - £47k to keep someone in prison

Fines - can keep job - Eric Lavender

Question 25

Ineffectiveness of the criminal court system as a response to tackling crime + evidence

Answer 25

Reoffending rates are high- 30% Some crime is increasing- sexual crimes Some guilty people get away- 20% rape trials are Not Proven

Question 26

Ineffectiveness of government responses in tackling crime + evidence

Answer 26

NKBL - possession of knives up the last 4 years PASS - expensive £9.5 mill extra on non-custodial sentences MUP - 50% of murders still involve alcohol

Question 27

Ineffectiveness of different approaches to policing as a response to tackling crime + evidence

Answer 27

Some crime has been increasing -sexual crimes Some guilty people get away -only 70% of crimes go to court The majority of the general public does not have confidence in the police- 37% confidence from the public