crime Flashcards
what are the 3 causes of crime?
- social causes
- economic causes
- biological causes
Social causes PEE answer (3)
P-peer pressure
E-People will commit crimes because there friends are and they dont wan to be excluded
E- Crimes people commit under peer pressure, underage drinking, vandalism and knife crime
P- Education
E- If people experience poor education or drop out they can be unemployed meaning they have no money for essentials and luxires
E- They most likley steal
P- role models
e- If they have growen up around criminals they might think that behaviour is acceptable
E- if the parents take drugs the child might take drugs not thinking they are doing anything wrong
economic PEE answers (3)
P- poverty
E- People on benifits might still need more money which causes shop lifting
E- violence, sexual offences, robbery 2.6x more common in deprived areas
P- greed
E-people might feel the need to steal new gadgets in order to fit in or to sell on
E- SNP MP Natalie McGarry was put in prison for embezzeling more than £25,000 including money for a food bank
P- Social exclusion
E- When people or places suffer from unemployment, low income, poor housing, high crime, bad health so people feel exculded from society and commit a crime to deal with their situation
E- They steal smart phones ect to want to fit in
Biological PEE answers (3)
P- Mental health
E- People with mental health (bipolar, depression, schizophrenia) may commit crimes without warning or explination becuase of there disorder
E- 70% of prisioners have mental health issues
P- Biological
E- As a result of hormonal differances women tend to be less agressive as they have lower testrone
E- for every 100 crimes 88 are commited by men and only 12 are commited by women
P- Nature
E- Some people think people are born criminals and this results on them engaging in criminal activity
E- In 19th centuary Cesare Lombroso concluded that people born with large foreheads, long arms and unusally sized ears would be more likley to commit crimes
what are the 5 Consequences of crimes
- perpetrators
- victims
- Families
- Communities
- Wider society
Perpetrators PEE answers (2)
P- Criminal recors
E- They find it hard to get a job as people dont want to employ criminals
E- 7/10 employees wont employ someone with a criminal record
P- No going abroad
E- Cant go into some countries with a criminal record
E- Australlia and the usa will refuse criminals and a visa
Victims PEE answers (2)
P- toll on mental health
E- Feel anxious after being attacked or targeted
E- in 2016-2017 the percentage of victims that reported they experianced shock is 50%
P- Anger towards property crime
E- Victims property has been damaged or stolen
E- In 2016-2017 the percentage of annoyed property crime victims was 61%
Families PEE answer(3)
P- Financially
E- If the main money earner goes to prison or fine income is lost
E- Benifits and then they steal
P- Emotionally
E- Not be able to see offender meaning strain on family relation ships
E- Family member in prison effect mental health of others in the family
P- Ashamed
E- Ashamed of what a relative has done and not socalise as they feel guilty
E- Bad mental health
Wider society PEE answers (3)
P- Tax payers
E- Lots of money to try people in court and punish them as well as support the victim less money for education and health
E- It costs £40,000 to keep someone in prison for a year not including cour case and criminal justice
P- Increased consumer prices
E- If a business is the victim shoplifting then customers feel unsafe not go
E- Buisness increase the price of iteams to get some of the money lost during the crime
P- Cost to Buisness
E- Shop lifting and fraud cost businesses lots of money affect money employers lose jobs
E- Retail crime costs the sector over £1.6 billion per year
Communities PEE answer (3)
P- Area gains bad reputation
E- Sterotype people living in area to be criminals, social problems lack of oppertunities for that area
E- In the 1980s and 1990s Ester house devolped a bad reputation due to gangs and violence
P-Fear of being victim of a crime
E- Bad area people may not want to go out late at night feel intimidated or unsafe
E- This could lead to a no-go area people may move away from the area if they can manage to sell there house
P- Enviormental poverty
E- Public facilities, parks, public transport have been grefettied making public not want to use them
E- Bristol has the highest graffiti crime rate
what are the 3 criminal justice systems
- role and structure of the criminal courts
- Powers of criminal courts
- Effectivness of criminal courses in tackling crimes
JP courts PEE answers (1)
P- JP court
E- The lowest court deals with minor crimes
E- Breach of peace minor road traffic offences
Jp court punishments
custodial sentance up to 60 days and or a fine of up to £2,500
Sherif courts PEE answers (1)
P- Sherif courts
E- deals with more serious crimes than jp court
E- assult and drug offences
Sherif court punishments
Custodial sentance of up to 12 month or a fine of up to £10,000
High court PEE answer (1)
P- High court
E- Serious crimes
E- Rape, murder, treason, armed robbery, drug traffickin and sexual offences involving children
Fines
Offenders pay a sum of money
fail to pay prison
They can keep working and live their lifes
You can be given a fine for speeding offences
CPO
Carry out unpaid work in the community e.g. repainting community centers, cleaning benches, picking up litter
They get sent to prision if not completes
Electronic tagging
The offender must be in a certain place e.g. their home for a maximum of 12 hours per day for up to 12 months
They can be prevented from going to particular places
alternative to prison
DTTO
Drug treatment and testing order
Given to people with a history of offending linked to their drug habit
70% reoffened within a year
ASBO
Anti social behaviour order
People who are a nuisance to others
Rowdey behavioyr nuisance littering vandalicm
Effectivness of the police PEE answers (3)
P- Preventing crime from happening in the first place
E- The police work with the violence reduction unit to reduce violent crime in scotland by teaching kids about knife crime.
E- The murders in scotland fell by 25% between 2009-2010
P- Power of stop and search
E- Discourages young people to stop carrying knifes as they can be sentanced to 5 years if caught
E- Offensive weapon crimes have dropped by almost 64% from 2007/2008
P- Pop up bob deployments in fife
E- A cardboard cut out of a police officer with a speed gun
E- This is effective as the police cannot deploy officers and peed camera vans to lots of areas
Why other punishments are being used as alternatives to prison PEE answer (3)
P- Not successful at stopping people from re offending
E- Many people go into prison and dont get help with there issues such as drug abuse or anger problems meaning they reoffend
E- Over 50% of prisoners sentanced to 6 months or less reoffend on release however it is much lower for non custodial sentances such as CPO
P- Overcrowding
E- It is unsade and could lead to violence causing prisoners to have to leave meaning less effective outcomes
E- Many prisons in Scotland have 2 prisoners sharing a cell designed for one person
P- Expensive
E- It costs £40000 to keep someone in prison, tax payers can use this for schools and healthcare instead
E- Someone could be given a Restriction of Liberty Order and have an electric tag put on them to limit their movements which is a lot cheaper than prison
Why prisons alternatives are not effective PEE answers (2)
P- Serious offenders who pose a danger to the community
E- People will not feel safe with criminals in there community
E- Prison officers can work with the perpetrator to tackle their behaviour so they are more likley not to re offend on release
P- Seen as a soft option instead of a real punishment
E-They cannot commit crimes whilst being in prisons but it is easy for perpetrators to break their non custodial sentance and commit crimes
E- Many re offened within a short period of times
