Crim Policing And Prison Systems Test

Question 1

What are the 3 different levels of policing in canada?

Answer 1

1. Federal (RCMP)
2. Provincial (OPP)
3. Municipal (Toronto Police also includes community policing)

Question 2

What is the function of all the levels of policing in Canada?

Answer 2

Maintain order by enforcing society’s laws

Question 3

What are the 6 principles of policing in canada?

Answer 3

1. The need to ensure the safety and security of all persons and property.
2. Safeguarding the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
3. The need for cooperation between the providers of police services and the communities in which they serve.
4. The importance of respecting victims of crime and understanding their needs.
5. The need to be sensitive about the diverse and multicultural character of our society.
6. They need to ensure that the police forces are representative of the communities they serve.

Question 4

The study by Smith and Visher (1981) concluded that police must respond quickly, and must make quick assessments (decisions) that guide their actions. What are the 6 questions they must answer?

Answer 4

1.How serious is the alleged crime
2. What is the victims preference
3. Is the suspect cooperative or not
4. Have they arrested the suspect before
5. Are bystanders present
6. What is the suspect race.

Question 5

The RCMP Porvides investigative and protective services to the federal government and serve as the provincial police (As well as the municipal in some areas) In all provinces and terrritoires except for what 2 provinces

Answer 5

Ontario & Quebec

Question 6

The RCMP work focuses on what 8 areas?

Answer 6

1.CUSTOMS AND EXCISE - INVESTIGATES CASES OF INTERNATIONAL SMUGGLING/ENFORCES THE CUSTOMS ACT IN ISOLATED AREAS OF THE COUNTRY. EXCISE DUTIES ARE TAXES COLLECTED ON GOODS PRODUCED IN CANADA, SUCH AS CIGARETTES AND ALCOHOL. THE CANADIAN CUSTOMS AND REVENUE AGENCY IMPOSES THESE TAKES AND THE RCMP INVESTIGATES VIOLATIONS OF THE EXCISE ACT.

2.DRUG ENFORCEMENT - ENFORCES THE LAWS IDENTIFIED IN THE CONTROLLED DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES ACT. THIS BRANCH OF THE RCMP CONSISTS OF ABOUT 1000 OFFICERS WHO GIVE THE HIGHEST PRIORITY TO CASES INVOLVING INTERNATIONAL AND INTERPROVINCIAL DRUG SMUGGLING

3.ECONOMIC CRIME - FOCUSES ON COMMERCIAL FRAUD, ORGANIZED CRIME, TECHNOLOGICAL CRIME, AND SECURITIES FRAUD. THIS BRANCH ALSO WORKS WITH THE BANK OF CANADA TO DELIVER EARLY WARNINGS TO LOCAL POLICE OF CURRENCY COUNTERFEITING ACTIVITY.

4.FEDERAL POLICING - ENFORCES 286 FEDERAL LAWS AND 17 SETS OF REGULATIONS THAT COVER SUCH AREAS AS HAZARDOUS WASTE TRANSPORTATION, ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, EXPLOSIVES, VEHICLE ODOMETER TAMPERING, STUDENT LOANS, AND OTHER PUBLIC SAFETY AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ISSUES.

5.IMMIGRATION - GATHERS INFORMATION ON THE SMUGGLING OF ALIENS INTO CANADA AND THE COUNTERFEITING OF PASSPORTS AND VISAS. THIS BRANCH ALSO WORKS WITH IMMIGRATION CANADA TO SCREEN IMMIGRATION APPLICANTS WHO ARE MEMBERS OF CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS OR PERPETRATORS OF WAR CRIMES AND ACTS OF TERRORISM.

6.PROCEEDS OF CRIME - DIVISION IDENTIFIES AND CONFISCATES MONEY OR PROPERTY THAT HAS BEEN ACQUIRED THROUGH CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES.

7.CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE - SPECIALIZES IN GATHERING INTELLIGENCE, OR INFORMATION, ON ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST GROUPS

8.INTERNATIONAL LIAISON AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES - PROVIDES SECURITY FOR FEDERAL OFFICIALS AND VISITING HEADS OF STATE. THIS DIVISION ALSO COOPERATES WITH FOREIGN POLICE AGENCIES SUCH AS INTERPOL (INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION).

Question 7

What are the largest provincial police forces?

Answer 7

THE LARGEST OF THESE FORCES IS THE ONTARIO PROVINCIAL POLICE (OPP), FOLLOWED BY THE SURETÉ DU QUEBEC AND THE ROYAL NEWFOUNDLAND CONSTABULARY.

Question 8

What 5 areas does the OPPs work focus on?

Answer 8

1. POLICING MUNICIPALITIES THAT ARE NOT REQUIRED BY LAW TO MAINTAIN THEIR OWN POLICE

2.RESPONDING TO MUNICIPAL POLICE REQUESTS FOR SPECIAL ASSISTANCE IN EMERGENCIES

3.PROVIDING TRAFFIC CONTROL ON ALL 400-SERIES AND MAJOR HIGHWAYS

4.PROVIDING INVESTIGATIVE SERVICES ON REQUEST TO THE CORONER’S OFFICE AND OTHER POLICE

5.PERFORMING OTHER ASSIGNED DUTIES SUCH AS MAINTAINING THE PROVINCIAL FIREARMS REGISTRY, PROVIDING SECURITY AND PROTECTING GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND DIGNITARIES.

Question 9

What areas does municipal police focus on?

Answer 9

1. Protecting the peace
2. Apprehending criminals
3. Preventing Crime
4. Assisting Victims of crime
5. Laying Charges
6. Executing warrants

Question 10

What is the goal of indigenous policing?

Answer 10

THE GOAL OF SUCH POLICE FORCES IS TO OFFER SERVICES THAT ARE BOTH PROFESSIONAL AND SENSITIVE TO THE NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY

Question 11

Explain Indigenous police

Answer 11

THE FIRST NATIONS POLICING POLICY ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPT. OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL DEVELOPS A PARTNERSHIP AMONG THE FEDERAL/PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE ABORIGINAL PEOPLES TO DEVELOP POLICE SERVICES FOR ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES.

EACH FIRST NATION CAN MAKE AN AGREEMENT WITH THE FED /PROV. GOVERNMENTS TO ESTABLISH STANDALONE INDIGENOUS POLICE FORCES OR TO DEVELOP FIRST NATIONS CONTINGENTS WITHIN EXISTING FORCES.

Question 12

What did penologists of the 19th century conclude?

Answer 12

“penologists” of the 19th century (1800s) concluded that criminals needed correction more that punishment. Penologists became correctional specialists and the penal system became a correctional system.

Question 13

Explain what penology is

Answer 13

Penology - A term used from the 19th- 21st century to describe the science of applying punishment for retributive purposes.

Question 14

Explain what corrections is

Answer 14

Corrections - implies some form of improvement (or attempts as improvement) in behavior while being incarcerated.

Question 15

What are the options the criminal code of Canada outlines when sentencing offenders?

Answer 15

1. Absolute and Conditional 2.Discharge
2. Probation,
3. Restitution,
4. Fines,
   6.Conditional Sentence,
   7.Intermittent Imprisonment,
   8.Imprisonment,
   9.Long Term Offender,
5. Dangerous Offender Declaration.

Question 16

What is the sentence for offenders convicted of first degree murder?

Answer 16

Offenders convicted of first-degree murder must serve 25 years in prison before becoming eligible to apply for parole.

Question 17

What is the sentence for offenders convicted of second degree murder

Answer 17

Offenders convicted of second-degree murder serve life in prison with no parole for 10 years

Question 18

What is the sentence for offenders convicted of manslaughter

Answer 18

Offenders convicted of manslaughter serve a minimum sentence of four years in prison

Question 19

Why is an individuals aboriginal status’s considered when determining a sentence?

Answer 19

because his or her circumstances are different from non-Indigenous offenders. One reason why the Criminal Code treats Indigenous people uniquely is because Indigenous people are overrepresented in Canadian prisons.

Question 20

What percentage of First Nations Inuit and Métis offenders make up in Canadian prisons?

Answer 20

First Nations, Inuit and Métis offenders currently make up just over 25% of the federal prison population, even though they represent just 4.3% of the Canadian population.

Question 21

What are the 2 types of incarceration?

Answer 21

1.Detention facilities
2. Correctional facilities

Question 22

Explain what detention facilities are

Answer 22

normally do not house convicted persons, they house persons arrested and undergoing processing, awaiting trial or awaiting transfer to a correctional facility after conviction

Question 23

Explain what correctional facilities are

Answer 23

Include jails and varying levels of prisons; those convicted of misdemeanors normally serve sentence of not more than 1 year, prisons house persons sentenced for felonies to terms of longer than 1 year

Question 24

What are the different security levels in Canadian prisons?

Answer 24

1. Minimum
2. Medium
3. Maximum

Question 25

Describe what minimum security prisons are like

Answer 25

Not surrounded by walls or fences but usually operate with armed guards

Privileges are minimal

Inmates pose very limited risk to the safety of the community; they have proven to be non violent and are serving a short sentence

Inmates show the desire and ability to get along responsibly with fellow inmates with little or no supervision, proven to be trustworthy

Question 26

Describe what medium security prisons are like

Answer 26

Surrounded by a series of chain-link fences topped with razor wire

Inmates pose a risk to the safety of the community.

Inmates are expected to participate in their correctional program plans and variety of educational facilities.

Inmates are housed in dormitory Instead of cells

Question 27

Explain what maximum security prisons are like

Answer 27

Surrounded by high (20 feet) concrete walls or fences with guard towers in strategic positions and electronic systems that ensure any movement within the perimeter is detected

Privileges are strictly controlled. Some inmates live in segregation units, due either to behavioral problems or out of concern that they will be harmed by other Inmates.

Question 28

Explain what life as a prisoner is like in a Canadian prison

Answer 28

Canadian prisons are experiencing overcrowding, violence, insufficient rehabilitative programs, a lack of supportive reintegration programs for prisoners returning to the community and insufficient mental and physical attention for an increasing older and needier prison population

Incarceration is a difficult, inmates often report feelings of loneliness, exclusion, shame and cowardice

Question 29

Name all/some effects of solitary confinement

Answer 29

• Heart palpitation (awareness of strong and/or rapid heartbeat while at rest)
• Insomnia
• Back and other joint pains
• Deterioration of eyesight
• Poor appetite, weight loss
• Feeling cold
• Aggravation of pre-existing medical problems

May also lead to self-harm.

Question 30

What is the suicide rate for federal inmates?

Answer 30

The Suicide rate for federal inmates = 70 per 100,000 inmates

In 2014 the suicide rate among inmates in federal prisons is 7 times higher than that in the general population.

Suicide accounts for about 20% of all deaths in custody in any given year

Question 31

What do psychologists do in prisons?

Answer 31

Psychologists provide services ranging from screening new inmates for mental illness to providing group therapy and crisis counseling.

Question 32

What is the role of the correctional academic program

Answer 32

Relieve boredom

Keeps offenders involved with productive and positive pursuits

Helps to alter behavior, preventing re-incarceration

Provides new skill sets to inmates that will be of benefit to them when released

Gives student prisoners a better understanding of society and the changes it has gone through while they have been incarcerated

Question 33

What specific type of offenders does the correctional academic program focus on

Answer 33

Violent offender programs
Family violence program
Sex offender programs
Substance Abuse Interventions
Life Skills Interventions

Question 34

What is the fastest growing group in Canadian federal prisons?

Answer 34

Black Canadians now represent the fastest growing group in federal prisons, and are vastly overrepresented behind bars.

While African-Canadians make up 3% of the general population, they account for 10% of the federal prison population.

Black inmates are overrepresented in segregation, and that they are subject to nearly 15% of all use-of-force incidents.

Question 35

What elements were set up to make the prisoners feel confused and dehumanized

Answer 35

• blindfolded and told to strip
• no privacy
• given new names referring to them as numbers
• giving them ugly feminine uniforms
• loss of autonomy
• arrested them at their homes and blindfolded them
• told to do unusual rituals
• couldn’t tell the time, no clocks no windows
• no privileges
• lack of sleep

Question 36

What elements were set up to make the guards feel authoritative and assertive their power?

Answer 36

• given uniforms, sun glasses
• told that no prisoners could leave
  -told they were stronger than the prisoners
• told they were chosen based on good qualities possessed
• gets referred to as Mr/Mrs correctional officer
• never told to lighten up in front of the prisoners
• told they had all the authority in the world, and had batons

Question 37

Why did the prisoners try to work within the prison to change things rather than use outside help

Answer 37

• scared of the guards
• got identities changed
• fully embraced their roles
• lost identity began to identify strongly with their roles

Question 38

Was it ethical to do this study?

Answer 38

No because:
- it would not be considered a true social sciences experiment because Mr Phillip zombardo did not introduce a independent variable (something that changes the outcome) ex: introducing a new hostile guard half way into the experiment
- no change introduced
- inserted himself (Mr zombardo) into his own experiment, prisoners are scared of him snd think he is the warden
- not ethical because prisoners felt psychologically and emotional distress without measures that would’ve kept them safe
- did not fully follow the rules of the contract
- parole board meeting were harsh
-more of a Simulation than a controlled experiment

Question 39

What conclusions can one draw from this study about the influence of an incarcerated setting

Answer 39

-causes a loss of identity to both guards and inmates (link to deprivation model deprived of liberty and autonomy.)
- more penology based
- can also link to situation model (hostile guards, harsh parole board, forced to be hostile from guards)

Question 40

What is prisonization

Answer 40

The process by which new inmates learn the ways of prison society

Question 41

Explain the deprivation model

Answer 41

Key ideas in this model argue that: norms, language and the roles that develop in prison result from the deprivation that is experienced while locked up.

This theory argues that prisonization is an adaptive process employed by inmates to cope with the social and physical deprivations of imprisonment

Question 42

What are the 5 key deprivation characteristic of prison life

Answer 42

1. Deprivation of liberty ( freedom)
2. Deprivation of goods and services (can’t buy stuff, can’t go to a restaurant)
3. Deprivation of heterosexual relationships (unable to be with/meet with ppl of the opposite gender)
4. Deprivation of autonomy (unable to make choices about their own life, set times for everything)
5. Deprivation of security (feeling safe and secure)

Prison subculture develops as a result of these deprivations and to cope with their life. A new inmate must live by the inmate code to survive

Question 43

Explain the situational perspective

Answer 43

The situational perspective suggests that inmate misconduct is a result of the dynamic interaction between inmates and the prison environment such as management strategies or practices, prison architecture, and staff characteristics.

Question 44

What are the 3 types of prison guards that exist within the prison system

Answer 44

1. Good Guards
2. Fair Guards
3. Hostile Guards

Question 45

Explain Good Guards

Answer 45

They are in the field to make a difference, and to help reform and correct inmate behavior. They often do small favours for the prisoners

Question 46

Explain Fair Guards

Answer 46

They follow the prison rules and function within its system, this is the most common type of guard as they view their employment as a necessity. (Prisons in the USA generate a lot of money)

Question 47

Explain Hostile Guards

Answer 47

They are generally negative towards inmates and frequently punish the prisoners (sometimes thinking of creative and horrible forms of humiliation)

Question 48

Explain the importation model

Answer 48

The importation model explains that prison subculture is brought into the prison from the outside world. In other words, the inmates bring certain beliefs, values, roles and behaviours with them when they enter prison.