CRIM 102 (MIDTERM) Flashcards
➢ Scientific study of the mind and
behavior.
➢ A multifaceted discipline and
includes many sub-fields of study
such areas as human
development, sports, health,
clinical, social behavior and
cognitive processes.
PSYCHOLOGY
The application of research
and experimentation in other
areas of psychology (e.g.,
Cognitive psychology, social
psychology) to the legal
arena.
➢ This would include applying
results from studies in areas
such as cognitive psychology
to legal questions.
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY
A branch of psychology that
aims to understand and
comprehend the views,
thoughts, intentions, actions
and reactions of individuals
who commit crimes.
CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY
It seeks to understand human
behavior, thoughts, and emotions by
delving into the unconscious mind
and the complex interplay between
conscious and unconscious
processes.
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
• First to Develop. Contains the basic instinct of man (seeks pleasure, avoid pain and suffering.
• The impulsive, unconscious part of mind that is based on desire to seek satisfaction.
ID
• Awareness. Responsible for balancing the pleasure and pain.
• compensate for the of the ID by guiding individuals actions yo keep him within the boundaries of society.
• Helps to satisfy the ID’s demand and compromise according to reality.
EGO
The conscience of the mind because it has the ability to distinguish reality as well as right or wrong. It balances the pleasure and reality.
SUPEREGO
Unbalanced domain has a tendency to have a chaotic personality. Conflict between the structure is manifested through ___________.
ANXIETY
ID
EGO
SUPEREGO
What are their own types of anxiety?
NEUROTIC
REALISTIC
MORAL
Only _____ can feel anxiety. It will also do anything to resolve the conflict. And if the _____ will have a struggle to resolve the conflict, Defense Mechanism will occur.
EGO
• Individual’s way of reacting the frustration.
• Methods that ego uses to avoid recognizing ideas or emotions that may cause person anxiety.
• The unconscious psychological strategies.
DEFENSE MECHANISM
Refuse to acknowledge that an event has occurred.
DENIAL
Shifting of actions from desired target to a substitute target when there are some reasons why the first target is not permitted or not available.
DISPLACEMENT
Flight into reason where person avoid uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic.
INTELLECTUALIZATION
When a person has uncomfortable thoughts or feelings, he/she may project it to others.
PROJECTION
When something happens that we find difficult to accept then we make up logical reason it is happened.
RATIONALIZATION
When a person feels an urge to do or say something and then actually does or says something that is effectively the opposite of what he really wants.
REACTION FORMATION
Taking the position of a child in some problematic situation, rather that acting in more adult way.
REGRESSION
Placing uncomfortable thoughts in relatively inaccessible areas of the subconscious mind.
REPRESSION
Person consciously deliberately pushes down any thoughts that leads to feeling of anxiety.
SUPPRESSION
The constructive channeling of inner conflicts or impulses into socially acceptable and productive outlets.
SUBLIMATION
• Comprised of a set of psychological theories that arise from the ideas that humans are often driven by unconscious motivations and that adult
personality and relationships are often
the result of childhood experiences.
• Focus on the psychological drives and forces within individuals that explain human behavior
and personality.
Originate from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis,
which focused on the unconscious mind as the
source of psychological distress and dysfunction.
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
Social Learning Theory. Branch of behavior theory of ALBERT BANDURA.
Individuals are NOT born with an innate ability to act
violently.
Rather, violence and aggression are learned through a
process of behavior modeling.
BEHAVIORAL THEORY
What are the sources that makes children learn violence through observation.
FAMILY INTERACTION
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERIENCE
MASS MEDIA
Characterized by their focus on the idea that how and
what people think leads to the arousal of emotions and that
certain thoughts and beliefs lead to disturbed emotions and
behaviors and others lead to healthy emotions and adaptive
behavior. This attempt to understand how criminal offender
perceive and mentally represent the world around them.
COGNITIVE THEORY
Something that makes us what
we are and also that which
makes us different from others.
PERSONALITY
Big 5 Model of Personality
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
EXTRAVERSION
AGREEABLENESS
NEUROTICISM
OPENNESS
Focuses on a person’s ability to control impulses and exercise self-control.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
A traits such as talkative, energetic, assertive, and outgoing. Social interaction is the key here. Often takes leadership, the first to offer their opinion and suggestions and they are often quick to approach others.
EXTRAVERSION
Describes a person’s ability to put others needs before their own. More likely to be empathetic and find pleasure in helping others and working with people who need more help.
AGREEABLENESS
Reflects a person’s level of emotional stability. Often defined as negative personality trait that involves negative, emotions, poor self regulation, etc.
NEUROTICISM
Active imagination, find pleasure in beauty. Attentive to their inner feelings and have preference for variety and are intellectual curious.
OPENNESS
➢ A complex and multifaceted
cognitive ability that encompasses
a range of mental capacities and
skills.
➢ It involves the ability to learn,
reason, problem-solve, adapt,
comprehend complex ideas, and
apply knowledge to new
situations.
INTELLIGENCE
It is believe that criminals and delinquents
possess low intelligence and that this low
intelligence causes criminality.
The ideology or concept of IQ and crime has
crystallized into the _______ vs ________
debate.
It can be developed through heredity while the other one is through environment.
NATURE & NURTURE
A severe personality disorder characterized
by interpersonal deceptiveness and
calloused, remorseless use of others, as well
as behavioral recklessness, impulsivity, and
overt antisocial behavior (e.g., aggression, violence).
PSYCHOPATHIC PERSONALITY
A product of a destructive home
environment.
SOCIOPATH
A product of a defect or aberration within themselves.
PSYCHOPATHS
These are the approaches which correlates crime and IQ:
1. IQ and crime are spuriously, not casually, correlated;
2. Low IQ increases criminal behavior; or
3. Criminal behavior decreases IQ.
LOW IQ THEORY
This theory states that aggression is caused by frustration. When someone is prevented from reaching their important goal or satisfy one of their needs they become frustrated which can turn into aggression when the right trigger is present.
LOW IQ THEORY
Who is the proponent of INFERIORITY and COMPLEX?
Alfred Adler
Lack of self-worth, a doubt and
uncertainty about oneself, and feeling
of not measuring up to standard. Lack of covert self-esteem.
INFERIORITY COMPLEX
Rooted in the young child’s original experience of
weakness, helplessness, and dependency.
PRIMARY INFERIORITY
Relates to an adult’s experience of being unable to
reach a subconscious, reassuring fictional final goal of
subjective security and success to compensate for the
inferiority feelings.
SECONDARY INFERIORITY
IMPORTANT NOTES
➢The secondary inferiority feeling
results from inadequacy to achieve the
desires which are unattainable or
unrealistic.
➢ A feeling of inferiority is not a disease; rather, it is a stimulant to healthy, normal striving and development.
However, it can be a pathological condition when the sense of inadequacy becomes overwhelm to the point of
making the person into depress and incapable of development.
➢ The secondary inferiority feeling results from inadequacy to achieve the desires which are unattainable or unrealistic.
➢ A feeling of inferiority is NOT a disease; rather, it
is a stimulant to healthy, normal striving and
development. However, it can be a pathological
condition when the sense of inadequacy becomes
overwhelm to the point of making the person
into depress and incapable of development.
ALDERIAN THEORY
Adopts a utilitarian belief that man is a reasoning actor who weighs means and ends, cost and benefits and makes a rational choice.
RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY
Try
to interpret crime through societal conditions and explain deviant or
criminal behavior through the
circumstances in which they occur.
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
The core principle of this theory
is that PLACE MATTERS-
which means that the person’s residential location is a
substantial factor shaping the
likelihood that person will
become involved in illegal
activities.
SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION
THEORY
