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D4 Sparkling Wine > Cremants > Flashcards

Cremants Flashcards

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1
Q

when was the term methods champenoise banned from vineyards outside of champagne?

A

1985

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2
Q

how many cremant regions in France?

A

8

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3
Q

what is the minimum maturation time for Cremant?

A

12 months, 9 on lees

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3
Q

what is the minimum atmospheres of pressure in Cremant wine?

A

4 atmospheres

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4
Q

what are the harvest regulations for Cremant?

A

must be hand harvested in whole bunches

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5
Q

what is the maximum abv for Cremant?

A

13%

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6
Q

what is the maximum press yield for Cremant?

A

100L per 150kg of grapes

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7
Q

what % of Alsace wine is cremant?

A

25%

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8
Q

how much has the area from Cremant grown by in Alsace since 2014?

A

15% (now 3,600ha)

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9
Q

where is Pinot Blanc usually grown in Alsace?

A

the lesser sites, often at lower elevation with fertile soils

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10
Q

what is a key region in Alsace for Pinot Blanc?

A

Munster Valley

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11
Q

What are the permitted cremant grapes in Alsace

A

Pinot Blanc, Auxerrois, Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir

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12
Q

what are the characteristics of Pinot Blanc in the vineyard?

A

early budding, early ripening. Prone to frost and fungal diseases

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13
Q

which Alsace appellation permits Chardonnay?

A

Cremant d’Alsace

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14
Q

what are the grapes of Cremant d’Alsace Rose and how is it made?

A

Pinot noir. Saignee (12-24 hours)

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15
Q

are Cremant d’alsace wines high or low yields?

A

high, as the wines need less concentration of flavour

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16
Q

what is the maximum yields for Cremant d’Alsace?

A

80hl/ha

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17
Q

Does Cremant d’Alsace use reserve wine?

A

not typically

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18
Q

what is the main type of producer for Cremant d’Alsace?

A

Co-op (43%)
Merchant (37%)
Indepentent (20%)

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19
Q

who is the largest producer of Cremant d’Alsace?

A

Maison Bestheim

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20
Q

Where is cremant d’alsace mostly drunk

A

domestic market (72%)

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21
Q

how many bottles were produced of Cremant d’aslace in 2020?

A

40 million

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22
Q

What are the requirements for Cremant d’Alsace Emotion?

A

75% Pinot Blanc, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir.
24 months (min.) on lees

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23
Q

When was Cremant d’Alsace Emotion introduced?

A

2012

24
Q

varieties for Cremant de Bourgogne?

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay

25
Q

What departments are fruit sourced from for Cremant de Bourgogne?

A

Yonne (Chablis), Cote d’Or, Saone-et-Loire (Chalonnais, Maconnais), Rhone (Beaujolais)

26
Q

who is the largest producer of Cremant de Bourgogne?

A

Veuve Ambal

27
Q

what are the max. yields for Cremant de Bourgogne?

A

75h/ha

28
Q

winemaking laws for Cremant de Bourgogne

A

30% Chardonnay/PN/PG/PB
20% Gamay max.

29
Q

what is the producer spread for Cremant de Bourgogne?

A

68% Merchant
30% Coop
2% Independant

30
Q

why is Cremant de Bourgogne dominated by Merchants?

A

the high investment cost of traditional method wine

31
Q

what % of Cremant de Bourgogne goes to export?

A

40%

32
Q

what are the major export markets for Cremant de Bourgogne?

A

USA, Sweden

33
Q

what are the quality levels for Cremant de Bourgogne?

A

Cremant de Bourgogne
(standard)
Cremant de Bourgogne Eminent
(standard + 24m lees ageing)
Cremant de Bourgogne Grand Eminent
(36m lees ageing, PN/CHD)

34
Q

what challenges do producers of Cremant de Bourgogne face?

A
  • price of grapes (still wine sells for higher)
  • price of setup
  • environmental hazards cutting yields
35
Q

how many sparkling wine appellations are there in the Loire Valley?

A

7

36
Q

what are the main sparkling wine regions for the Loire Valley?

A

Cremant de Loire, Vouvray, Saumur

37
Q

what % of wine from the Loire Valley is sparkling?

A

13%

38
Q

where is fruit for Cremant de Loire grown?

A

Anjou-Saumur and Touraine

39
Q

Soils for Cremant de Loire?

A

varied, all featuring good drainage and water retention.

schist + limestone in Anjou
Chalk in Touraine
clay-limestone, flint, clay, sand, gravel, tuffeau

40
Q

how do producers navigate high lime content in the soils of Cremant de Loire?

A

with resistant rootstocks which protect the vines from chlorosis

41
Q

name two rootstocks used for Cremant de Loire

A

Fercal
Riparia Gloire de Montpellier

42
Q

what grapes are used for Cremant de Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc, Cab F., Cab S., Grolleau N. and G., Pineau d’Aunis, PN, Chard.

43
Q

what is the max. harvest for Cremant de Loire?

A

74hL/ha

44
Q

what are the grape blending laws for Cremant de Loire?

A

Max. 30% Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Pineau d’Aunis

45
Q

when must producers of Cremant de Loire declare their intention to make this wine?

A

in July

46
Q

Name a Cremant de Loire producer who uses oak

A

Bouvet-Ladubay’s ‘Cuvee Tresor’

47
Q

where is Bouvet-Ladubay and who owns it?

A

Loire Valley. Owned by Tattinger since 1970’s

48
Q

what is Cremant de Loire’s top quality designation?

A

Prestige de Loire

49
Q

When was Prestige de Loire launched?

A

2018

50
Q

what are the regulations for Prestige de Loire AOP

A

white only (Chenin, cab f, charm, PN)
24m lees ageing
vintage dated
brut
sustainable viticulture models

51
Q

who produces 80% of Cremant de Loire?

A

the 9 large houses including Bouvet-Ladubey, Veuve Amiot, Langlois-Chateau, and Ackerman

52
Q

what % of Cremant de Loire is exported?

A

50%

53
Q

what are the main export markets for Cremant de Loire

A

Germany, USA, UK

54
Q

what are the requirements for Saumur Mousseaux AOC

A

60% Chenin Blanc (min)
10% Savvy B (max.)

Mechanical harvest permitted
More juice extracted than Cremant (100L per 130kg)

55
Q

What are the requirements for Vouvray Mousseaux AOC

A

51% Chenin (min.
Orbois permitted

65hL/ha yields

Mechanical harvest permitted
Higher juice extraction

56
Q

why is the production of mousseaux/cremant wine an appealing option for Saumur/Vouvray based producers?

A

the earlier harvest means grapes are less likely to be affected by botrytis and fungal diseases coming from late season rains. The permitted yields are also higher, giving them more volume to sell.

57
Q
A

D4 Sparkling Wine (5 decks)

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