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D4 Sparkling Wine > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

what % of wine must come from the same year in vintage champagne?

A

100%

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2
Q

How is rose Champagne made?

A

rose d’assemblage (blending)
Rose de saignee (masceration)

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3
Q

what ages more quickly, BdB or BdN?

A

BdN

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4
Q

what is an example of a Late release or recently disgorged style wine?

A

RD- Bollinger
P2- Dom Perignon

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5
Q

Which champagne AOC makes rose from Pinot Noir

A

Rose des Riceys

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6
Q

What wine does AOC Coteaux Champagnois produce

A

red, white, or rose, but mostly pale Pinot Noirs

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7
Q

Who made the first sparkling from red grapes?

A

Dom Pierre Perignon

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8
Q

when were riddling and controlled secondary ferment introduced?

A

19thC

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9
Q

who invented the process of riddling using pupitres?

A

Veuve Cliquot

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10
Q

How did English developments of glass produced in coal fired ovens influence champagne?

A

they could produce wines with a higher pressure which these new bottles could withstand

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11
Q

how were sparkling wines in Champagne originally produced?

A

ferment would stop in the cold winter, but restart in warm summer, resulting in a slightly sparkling wine

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12
Q

When were the Champagne vineyard boundaries set?

A

1927

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13
Q

what was the echelle des crus

A

an obsolete system to determine market prices according to grape quality.

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14
Q

what is blocage

A

the practice of reserving young wines for future blends. an insurance policy against bad vintages

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15
Q

what are the 5 subregions of champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims, Vallee de la Marne, Cote Des Blancs)

Cote de Sezanne, Cote des Bar

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16
Q

how many ml of rain a year in champagne

A

700mm, evenly spread

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17
Q

how has climate change affected champagne

A

avg. alc. incr. by 0.7%
harvest moved backs by 18 days

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18
Q

what is the most common soil of champagne

A

chalky with limestone subsoil

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19
Q

what are the advantages of champagnes soil

A

it is pourous, allowing for water even in dry periods

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20
Q

what is the average altitude and Lattitude of champagne?

A

50th parallel
90-300m above sealevel

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21
Q

what grand Cru villages are in Montagne de Reims

A

Mailly, Verzenay, Verzy, Ambonnay, Bouzy

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22
Q

What is the character of Montagne de Reims

A
  • best sites are north facing but frost prone
  • wines are high in acid, austere when young
  • known for black grapes
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23
Q

Main grape of Valle de la Marne

A

Meunier

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24
Q

What grand Cru is in Vallee de la Marne?

A

Ay

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25
Q

The styles of Vallee de la Marne

A

fruity wines from Meunier, early drinking wines from chardonnay

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26
Q

Grand crus of Cote de Blancs

A

Cramant, Avize, Oger, Le Mesnil-sur-Oger

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27
Q

Style of Cote de Blancs

A

intense, long lasting wines that are austere in youth

28
Q

regional characteristics of Cote de Blancs

A

Pure chalk
95% chardonnay

29
Q

Regional character of Cote de Sezanne

A

clay/silt soils
mostly chardonnay
south east plantings for fruitier wines

30
Q

regional character of Cote de bar

A

mainly Pinot Noir
Kimmeridgian marls and limestone with good drainage
mostly bought to add fruit to blends

31
Q

Describe the advantages of Meunier

A
  • later budding so less frost prone
  • benefits on heavier soils
  • ripens earlier, allowing harvest to start
32
Q

Describe the disadvantages of Meunier

A
  • prone to botrytis
  • not intended for long-aged wines
33
Q

what is the average planting density of champagne?

A

8000 vines per ha

34
Q

are sparkling grapes grown at high or low yields?

A

high because it is not necessary for tannins to be ripe or flavours/colour to be concentrated.

35
Q

what are the four approved trellising systems in champagne?

A

Taille Chablis- chardonnay
Cordon Du Royat- PN and Meunier
Guyot- lesser vineyards
Vallee de la Marne- like Guyot, less common

36
Q

How many fruiting buds per m2?

A

18

37
Q
A
38
Q

How long does harvest last in champagne

A

3 weeks

39
Q

When does harvest start in champagne

A

When the Comite champagne determines

40
Q

What are champagnes AOC regulations for harvest

A

Whole bunches picked by hand, no more than 15,000kg/ha

41
Q

How much is a marc

A

4000kg of grapes

42
Q

What is the max yield of must in champagne

A

79hl/ha though can incr. To 98hl/ha if the Comite Champagne agrees and the surplus is put into reserve wine

43
Q

How much reserve wine is classically used for large brands

A

10-15%

44
Q

How do reserve wines stored in oak vs stainless steel differ?

A

Oak allows oxidative notes and complexity. Steel provides freshness and control.

45
Q

Will the notes of autolysis be more pronounced in cooler or warmer regions?

A

Warmer, due to the low intensity of primary fruit

46
Q

Minimum lees ageing for NV champagne

A

12

47
Q

Minimum total ageing for NV champagne

A

15months

48
Q

Ageing requirements for vintage wine

A

12months on lees
Released 36 months after tirage

49
Q

Closure regulations for champagne

A

Cork displaying the name champagne and vintage date where appropriate

50
Q

Influence of liqueur d’expédition

A
  • sweetness
  • colour correct rose
  • flavour and aroma (eg. Youthful vs aged wine added)
51
Q

How many villages were rated Grand cru in the eschelle des crus system?

A

17

52
Q

How many premier cru villages in champagne

A

42

53
Q

How many champagne houses approximately

A

369

54
Q

What is NM

A

Négociant manipulant- a champagne house that buys grapes to make sell and market wine

55
Q

What is RM

A

Récoltant manipulant- growers who make market and sell champagne from their own site and holdings

56
Q

What is CM

A

Coopérative de manipulation- champagne coop making wine from its members grapes

57
Q

What is CM

A

Coopérative de manipulation- champagne coop making wine from its members grapes

58
Q

What are the strengths of champagne houses

A

Large sales, strong export market. It is presently 73% of sales and 88% of exports

59
Q

What are the benefits of RMs?

A

They sell most of their wine in the domestic market

60
Q

What are the benefits of CMs?

A

Sales are small but evenly split between the home and export market with some exceptions

61
Q

How does champagne navigate supply and demand?

A

Limits on production/yields and wines that go into base wines.
Limiting area of production (possible future expansion)

62
Q

What factors limit/increase the supply of champagne

A

Comite champagne determines annual yields and reserve wine storage based off:
- current stocks
- global demand
- progress of the season

63
Q

Which markets are the most high paying for champagne

A

Japan and the USA

64
Q

Is the availability of cheap champagne going up or down in France?

A

Down. Bottles under €12 are dropping whilst those over €20 are growing

65
Q

Who is the biggest champagne market by volume

A

UK

66
Q

Why is cheap champagne generally becoming less common?

A

The boom of mid priced sparkling wines like Prosecco. The focus is on higher quality, precise farming, and a higher price

67
Q

Are volume and price increasing or decreasing in champagne right now?

A

Volume has decreased by 10% since 2018, but the average price has raised by 25%

D4 Sparkling Wine (5 decks)

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