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Contemporary Health Issues 2 > Creating a Safe Environment > Flashcards

Creating a Safe Environment Flashcards

1
Q

Unintentional Injuries

A
  • Injuries are adaptable if people adapted behaviors that promote safety and society reduces environmental hazards
  • Not purposefully inflected
  • Leading cause is motor vehicle crashes then poisoning, falls, choking and drowning
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2
Q

5 E’s (NC Vision Zero)

A
  • Education
  • Enforcement
  • Engineering
  • Emergency response
  • Everyone
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3
Q

Focus Areas (NC Vision Zero)

A
  • Bicycle
  • Child Passenger
  • Commercial Motor Vehicles
  • Distracted Driving
  • Drinking and Driving
  • Drowsy Driving
  • Drugged Driving
  • Lane Departures
  • Motorcycle
  • Older Drivers
  • Pedestrians
  • School Bus
  • Seat belts
  • Speeding
  • Train
  • Work Zone
  • Young Drivers
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4
Q

Factors Contributing to motor vehicle Crashes

A
  • Aggressive Driving
  • Alcohol and Impaired Driving
  • Disregarding signals and stop signs, improper turns following too closely
  • Driver inattention
  • Environmental hazards
  • Speeding
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5
Q

Motor Vehicle Crashes

A
  • Speeding continues to be a contributing factor in roadway fatalities
  • In 2014 9,262 people who died in speeding related crashes – 28% of fatalities
  • Speeding is often one component of aggressive driving
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6
Q

Distracted Driving

A

In 2015 3,477 people were killed by distracted driving 391,000 were injured

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7
Q

Examples of distracted driving:

A
  • Adjusting radio
  • Eating and drinking
  • Reading, including maps
  • Texting
  • Using cell phone
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8
Q

Defensive Driving

A
  • Driving too fast or too slow can increase chance of a collision
  • If you plan to drink, designate a driver
  • Be alert
  • Don’t follow too closely, 3 second rule (select a fixed object when the car in front of you passes it should take you 3 second to pass the object after the car in front has passed, poor conditions double or triple seconds)
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9
Q

Impaired Driving

A
  • In 1984 Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act (requires states to set legal drinking age to 21 or loose federal funding)
  • Many of Americans favor the idea of designated drivers
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10
Q

ATV

A
  • Each year there are more than 700 deaths and 100,000 injuries involving ATVs
  • Many deaths and injuries occur when an inexperienced driver loses control of the ATV, thrown from an ATV, overturns the vehicle or collides with a fixed object or vehicle
  • CPSC (consumer product safety commission) recommend that all ATV drivers take a hands on safety course from a qualified instructor
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11
Q

NC ATV State Laws

A
  • No one under age 8 may operate an ATV.
  • Children under age 12 may only operate an ATV under 70cc.
  • Children under age 16 may only operate an ATV 90cc or less.
  • Children under age 16 must be supervised by a person at least age 18.
  • Passengers may not be carried unless the ATV was designed to carry passengers.
  • All ATV operators must wear helmet and eye protection.
  • ATV use on public streets and highways is prohibited except to cross.
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12
Q

ATV Safety Institute’s Golden Rules

A
  • Always wear a DOT compliant helmet, goggles, long sleeve, long pants, over the ankle boots and gloves
  • Never ride on paved roads except to cross
  • Never ride under the influence of alcohol
  • Ride an ATV that is right for your age
  • Supervise riders younger than 16
  • Ride only on designated trails and at a safe speed
  • Attend an approved training class
  • Never carry a passenger on a single rider ATV and no more than one passenger on an ATV designed for two people
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13
Q

Motorcycle Fatalities

A
  • In 2016 5,286 motorcyclists were killed in traffic accidents (increased 10% from 2014)
  • NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) estimates that helmets saved 1,772 motorcyclists lives in 2015 and that 740 more could have been saved if all motorcyclists had worn helmets
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14
Q

Motorcycle Riding Risk Factors

A
  • Poor road conditions (gravel, potholes, construction)
  • Bad weather (rain, snow, fog)
  • Excess speed (riding over the speed limit)
  • Light/moderate alcohol consumption (by driver)
  • Condition/safety of the bike (tires, brakes)
  • Heavy traffic
  • Stunts/ “Extreme riding” (popping wheelies)
  • Lane splitting (driving up the middle of two lanes of traffic)
  • Riding in groups (with several other motorcycle riders
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15
Q

Home Safety

A
  • Falls (Most common cause of injury in the home)
  • Most common cause of injury visits to the emergency room for 2 groups: young children and older adults
  • Older adults have the highest rate of injury and death from falls of any age group
  • Older adults are susceptible to falls more than younger people because of: medical problems, changes in skeletal composition, poor balance, limited vision, muscular weakness, and medication
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16
Q

Fires

A
  • Fires in the home are associated with smoking, cooking, fireplaces and chimneys, electrical wiring and cords and appliance, particularly electrical heaters
  • Lithium Batteries New source of fire damage, lithium batteries provide power to portable electronic equipment
  • The battery contains a separator that prevent positive and negative electrodes from touching each other, if a separator fails a spark may be ignited or battery may explode
17
Q

Smoke Detectors and Fire Extinguishers

A
  • Deaths from home fires could be reduced if smoke sensing devices were installed in every home
  • In case of fire have an emergency plan will help you react in case of fire and escape routes
18
Q

Poisoning

A
  • Children are vulnerable to accidental poisoning in the home
  • Prescription and OTC drugs can be taken in excess quantities or improper combination
  • Poison control 1-800-222-1222 – be prepared to report person’s condition, age, weight, what product was consumed
19
Q

Natural Disasters

A 
What should you do for:
Tornadoes
Thunder & Lightening
Floods
Earthquakes
20
Q

Tornadoes Facts

A
  • Produce winds over 250 mph

- Can be one mile wide and stay over the ground over 50 miles

21
Q

Tornado Safety

A
  • In a house with a basement: Get in basement under a sturdy protection
  • House with no basement or apartment: Avoid windows, go to lowest floor, small center room (bathroom, under stairs)
  • Mobile home: Get out
  • Vehicle: Get out seek shelter, No shelter low ground away from cars (avoid seeking shelters under bridges)
22
Q

Thunder and Lightening

A
  • Lightening can cause an average of 80 fatalities and 300 injuries a year
  • How far away is a thunderstorm when you see lightening??? Count the number of seconds between a flash of lightning and the next clap of thunder, Divide this number by 5 to determine the distance to the lightning in miles.
23
Q

What to do if caught in a thunder and lightening?

A
  • Get indoors: Avoid water, doors and windows
  • Unsafe places include underneath canopies, small picnic or rain shelters, or near trees
  • If you can’t get indoors, avoid high ground, avoid open spaces, avoid water, crouch down and avoid proximity to others (15 feet)
  • Suspend activity for 30 minutes after last observed lightening or thunder
24
Q

Flooding

A
  • # 1 cause of deaths associated with thunderstorms (more than 140 deaths per year)
  • Most fatalities occur at night (most victims become trapped in vehicles)
  • 6 inches of fast moving waters can knock a person off their feet
  • 2 feet will cause most vehicles to float
25
Q

Flooding in a Home

A
  • Be prepared to evacuate at a moment’s notice
  • Keep water safe: Use bottle or boil water (1 min)
  • Do not eat any food that is not in a waterproof container
  • Wash all pots, pans, countertops, dishes, utensils that have been contaminated
26
Q

Earthquakes

A

When shaking begins:

  • Drop down and take cover under desk/table
  • Stay indoors until shaking stops
  • Stay away from bookshelves, furniture that can fall
  • If outside: find a clear spot away from buildings, trees and power lines
  • If in a car: slow down – clear place stay in car until the shaking stops

Contemporary Health Issues 2 (6 decks)

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