Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Posterior Segment > CRAO > Flashcards

CRAO Flashcards

1
Q

Name the diseases in the 10A club.

A
  1. Papilladema
  2. GCA
  3. Anuerysm
  4. Pituitary Apoplexy
  5. Carotid Artery Dissection
  6. Perforated Globe
  7. Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
  8. Acid/Alkaline Chemical Burn
  9. Hyphema
  10. CRAO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 categories of CRAO?

A
  1. Non-Arteritic
  2. Transient Non-Arteritic
  3. Non-arteritic w/ cilioretinal artery
    sparing
  4. Arteritic w/ GCA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of vision loss is found in the CRAO? What type of VA will the patient have?

A

rapid, unilateral painless vision loss

- count fingers to light perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would a brain aneurysm give you ocularly?

A

3rd nerve palsy w/ unreactive or slowly reactive pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the most common cause of a 3rd nerve palsy?

A

diabetes/HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What connects the anterior and posterior blood systems?

A

The circle of willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When someone has a CRAO, what main cell layer is destroyed?

A

Ganglion cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why does CRAO have a cherry red spot?

A

this is the foveal avascular zone supplied by the choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If we don’t see an embolus, what 2 diseases should we ask about?

A
  1. GCA

2. Polyarteritis Nodosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 common places an embolus comes from?

A

Carotid and heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 2 tests will a patient get who presents with an embolus?

A

Doppler - for carotid

Echocardiogram - for heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If the embolus is yellow, where did it come from?

A

Carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If the embolus is white, where did it come from?

A

heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does whitening of the retina occur?

A

20mins after blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If we cannot dislodge the embolus by __ minutes, the retina will begin to die

A

97 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the 1st and 2nd line of treatment for a CRAO?

A
  1. Ocular Massage

2. Lower IOP using beta blocker, Diamox (CAI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What 4 things do we look for in a patient with a CRVO?

A

i. Atrial fibrillation
ii. GCA/Lupus/PA
iii. Hypercoagulable State
iv. Stroke

18
Q

Does GCA ever cause a BRAO?

A

No, it doesn’t target small vessels

19
Q

If you only see a cilioretinal artery occlusion, what disease do you think the patient has?

A

GCA - only goes after medium and large vessels

20
Q

Fibroplatelet emboli come from where?

21
Q

Calcific emboli come from where?

22
Q

What medication do you give a patient who has an artery occlusion?

23
Q

What % of CRAO cases are due to arterial emboli (cholesterol, fibroplatelet, calcific)?

A

20% of cases

24
Q

What systemic testing do you request for a patient over 55 yo?

A

Immediate Westergren Sed. Rate

25
What systemic testing do you request for a patient with a CRAO?
1. Carotid artery evaluation 2. Blood pressure/sugar 3. Lipid Profile 4. FA 5. Echocardiogram
26
Which type of ECG is performed first? second?
1. Transthoracic | 2. Transesophageal
27
CRAO due to occlusion in carotid disease can occur by what 3 mechanisms?
1. Embolism 2. Hemodynamic 3. Serotonin
28
What is the life expectancy for a CRAO patient vs a patient w/o a CAO?
5.5 years vs. 15.4 years
29
What % of patients get neo of the iris at about 4 weeks?
20%
30
What % of patients get neo of the disc?
3%
31
The Beaver Dam Study said a retinal emboli was found in ___% of population and increased to ___% of patients who were 75 or older
1. 3% | 3. 1% in 75 +
32
The beaver dam study found an increase of what 2 diseases in patients with a retinal emboli?
Stroke and Heart Disease
33
What is the most common cause of a CRAO?
Carotid artery disease
34
A hypercoagulable state is associated with what 3 diseases?
1. Coronary Artery Disease 2. Cerebral Vascular Accidents 3. Peripheral Vascular disease
35
What's the #1 hypercoagulable state in America? What % of whites have this?
Factor V | - 10% of whites
36
What are the 4 reasons why we don't clot?
1. Thrombomodulin binds to thrombin 2. TPA breaks up fibrin clots 3. Heparin-like molecule binds to A-III 4. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
37
Where is Tissue plasminogen Activator (TPA) from? what does it do?
- Comes from endothelium | - breaks up fibrin clots (it's fibrinolytic)
38
How does the heparin-like molecule stop clotting?
1. binds to antithrombin III and inactivates thrombin + factors X/IX
39
The tissue factor pathway inhibitor inactives what factors?
7 and 8
40
What is Factor V resistant to ?
resistant to normal degradation of activation protein C
41
What are the top 5 primary states of hypercoagulation?
1. Antithrombin III 2. Factor V 3. Hyperhomocysteinemia 4. Prothrombin 20210 5. Antiphopholipid Syndrome
42
Hyperhomocysteinemia causes what 2 findings? What age are we worried about?
CRA and brain occlusion - 40years or less

Posterior Segment (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions