CranioFacial Skeleton

Question 1

calvaria develops into the

Answer 1

frontal, pariental, parts of occipital, temporal and sphenoid bones

Question 2

desmocranium origin

Answer 2

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

Question 3

chondrocranium origin

Answer 3

neural crest

Question 4

viscrocranium origin

Answer 4

pharyngeal arch mesenchyme

-derrived from neural crest

Question 5

what early structures of the head are newer in evolution?

Answer 5

viscerocranium and desmocranium- more influenced by environment and thus more likely to have defects

Question 6

otic capsule form the

Answer 6

petrous portion of temporal bone

Question 7

hypophyseal cartilage forms

Answer 7

body of sphenoid bone (sella turcia)

Question 8

optic capsule forms the

Answer 8

lesser wing of sphenoid bone, greater wing of sphenoid bone

Question 9

precordal cartilage

Answer 9

precursor of ethmoid bone

Question 10

paracordal cartilage

Answer 10

base of occipital

Question 11

desmo=

Answer 11

membrane

Question 12

pia matter and archnoid matter origin

Answer 12

neural crest

Question 13

dura matter and calvaria origin

Answer 13

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

Question 14

fibrous membrane

Answer 14

syndesmosis

Question 15

endomenix

Answer 15

inner layer- pia matter and arachnoid matter- remains unossified

Question 16

ectomenix

Answer 16

outer layer- dura matter and calvaria/bone - ossifies

Question 17

premature fusion of cranial vault sutures

Answer 17

craniosynostosis - deformaties in calvaria and neurologic defects

Question 18

meningioencephalocele

where is it most common?

Answer 18

herniation of brain tissue through persistent dura that does not separate from overlying dermis
-most common in frontal/ethmoid bone junction or occipital

Question 19

failure of rostral neural tube to close _week 4

Answer 19

anencephaly

Question 20

what causes a loss of telencephalon?

Answer 20

anencephaly - failure of rostral neural tube to close in the 4th week

Question 21

affects one side of face, hypoplasia of zygomatic, maxilla and mandible

Answer 21

hemifacial microstomia

Question 22

“dished face” ectodermal deficits leading to problems of ossification in the midface

Answer 22

anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

Question 23

downs syndrome has what affect on facial features?

Answer 23

smaller/ absent nasal bones, smaller maxilla

Question 24

treacher collons syndrome

Answer 24

sunken cheeks due to hypoplasia of zygomatic bones

Question 25

mandible is intramembranous ossification or endochondral ossification?

Answer 25

both - initially intramembranous later endochondral

Question 26

what parts of the mandible have endochondral ossification?

Answer 26

condyle, coronoid process, head of condyle (cartilage remains)

Question 27

examples of functional matrix in face

Answer 27

facial soft tissue- pulls mandible away from TMJ- causing increased deposition at the tip of the condyle

Question 28

example of functional matrix in head

Answer 28

swelling of brain causes new bone to be deposited at sutures

Question 29

what muscle influences the coronoid process?

Answer 29

temporalis

Question 30

what muscle influences the angle of the mandible

Answer 30

masseter and medial pterygoid

Question 31

what muscle influences the condyle?

Answer 31

later pterygoid

Question 32

example of functional matrix in the mouth

Answer 32

teeth increase the deposition of alveolar bone

Question 33

when does the development of the mandible/ maxilla end?

Answer 33

it never ends

Question 34

growth of the mandible

Lenght, hight, and Width

Answer 34

1. width before puberty
2. length until 15-19
3. hight - last