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Surgical Anatomy > Craniofacial and Musculature > Flashcards

Craniofacial and Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

Skull

A

Includes mandible

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2
Q

Cranium

A

Skull w/out mandible

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3
Q

Calvaria

A

Upper part of cranium that covers brain

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4
Q

Runs front to back

A

Sagittal plane

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5
Q

Runs right to left

A

Coronal plane

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6
Q

Functions of skull

A

Protect brain

Scaffold for muscles

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7
Q

of bones of skull

A

22 bones

6 ossicles

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8
Q

Skull broken up into 2 parts

A

Cranium

Facial

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9
Q

Cranium bones and #

A

8

Frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

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10
Q

Facial bones and #

A

14

Vomer, inferior nasal concha (2), nasal (2), lacrimal (2), maxilla (2), palatine (2), zygoma (2), mandible

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11
Q

Parts of maxilla

A

Frontal
Zygomatic
Alveolar
Anterior nasal spine

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12
Q

Orbital cavity bones (7)

A 
Frontal
Sphenoid
Zygoma
Maxilla
Palatine
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
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13
Q

Roof of orbit

A

Frontal

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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14
Q

Lateral wall of orbit

A

Greater wing of sphenoid

Zygoma

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15
Q

Floor of orbit

A

Zygoma
Maxilla
Palatine bone

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16
Q

Median wall of orbit

A

Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Body of sphenoid

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17
Q

3 parts of nasal cavity

A

Nasal septum
Nasal concha
Ostium

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18
Q

What attaches above infraorbital foramen

A

Levator labii superioris

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19
Q

What attaches below infraorbital foramen

A

Levator anguli oris

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20
Q

What attaches medial to mental foramen

A

Depressor labii inferioris

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21
Q

What attaches below mental foramen

A

Depressor anguli oris

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22
Q

Bones of anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

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23
Q

2 parts of ethmoid seen in anterior cranial fossa

A

Crista galli

Cribiform plate

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24
Q

Bones of middle cranial fossa

A

Sphenoid

Temporal

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25
Q

Bones of posterior cranial fossa

A

Occipital

Temporal

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26
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

V2 Maxillary nerve

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27
Q

Foramen ovale

A

V3 Mandibular nerve

Accessory meningeal artery

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28
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal vessels

Recurrent branch from mandibular nerve

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29
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Internal carotid artery

Meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery

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30
Q

Jugular foramen

A

Internal jugular vein

CN 9, 10, 11

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31
Q

Hypoglossal foramen

A

CN 12

Meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery

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32
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Medulla oblongota
Spinal accessory nerve
Vertebral/spinal arteries

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33
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A 
CN 3
CN 4
CN 6
Nasociliary nerve
Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve
Ophthalmic veins
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34
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A

Maxillary nerve
Zygomatic nerve
Infraorbital vessels
Veins to pterygoid plexus

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35
Q

Mandibular foramen

A

Inferior alveolar nerve and vessels

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36
Q

Mental foramen

A

Mental nerve and vessels

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37
Q

Incisive foramen

A

Nasopalatine nerve

Terminal branch of descending palatine vessels

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38
Q

Greater palatine foramen

A

Greater palatine nerve

Descending palatine vessels

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39
Q

Lesser palatine foramen

A

Lesser palatine nerves

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40
Q

Supraorbital foramen

A

Supraorbital N & A

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41
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

Infraorbital N & A

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42
Q

Zygomatioorbital foramen

A

Zygomaticofacial nerve

Zygomaticotemporal nerve

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43
Q

Zygomaticotemporal foramen

A

Zygomaticotemporal nerve

44
Q

Zygomaticofacial foramen

A

Zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels

45
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

CN 7

Stylomastoid artery

46
Q

Masseter origin and insertion

A

Deep: Inferior/posterior and medial zygomatic arch
Superficial: Lower border of zygomatic arch

Deep: Lateral ramus
Superficial: Lateral ramus

47
Q

Masseter action

A

Mandibular elevation/closure

Retrusion

48
Q

Masseter BV & N

A

Masseteric artery (maxillary branch)

Masseter nerve V3

49
Q

Temporalis origin and insertion

A

Temporal fossa and fascia

Coronoid process and anterior ramus

50
Q

Temporalis action

A

Mandibular elevation/closure

Retrude mandible

51
Q

Temporalis BV & N

A

Deep temporal artery (maxillary branch)

Posterior and anterior deep temporal nerve (V3)

52
Q

Lateral pterygoid origin

A

Superior head: Infratemporal crest and greater wing of sphenoid

Inferior head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

53
Q

Lateral pterygoid insertion

A

Superior head: Pterygoid fovea (condylar neck), TMJ disk and articular capsule

Inferior head: Pterygoid fovea

54
Q

Lateral pterygoid action

A

Protrude and open (depress) mandible

Lateral movement

55
Q

Lateral pterygoid BV & N

A

Pterygoid artery (maxillary branch)

Lateral pterygoid nerve V3

56
Q

Medial pterygoid origin

A

Superficial head: Maxillary tuberosity and lateral surface pyramidal process of palatine bone

Deep head: Medial surface lateral pterygoid plate and posterior surface of pyramidal process of palatine bone

57
Q

Medial pterygoid insertion

A

Medial surface of ramus below lingula

58
Q

Medial pterygoid action

A

Close (elevate) and protrude mandible

59
Q

Medial pterygoid BV & N

A

Pterygoid artery (maxillary branch)

Medial pterygoid nerve V3

60
Q

Elevation of mandible

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

61
Q

Depression of mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid

62
Q

Protrusion of mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid

Medial pterygoid

63
Q

Retrusion of mandible

A

Temporalis

Masseter

64
Q

Right lateral movement of mandible

A

Right masseter
Right temporalis
Left medial pterygoid
Left lateral pterygoid

65
Q

Buccinator origin and insertion

A

Origin: Pterygomandibular raphe, maxillary and mandibular buccal alveolar process

Modiolus/upper and lower lips

66
Q

Buccinator action

A

Compresses cheeks

67
Q

Buccinator BV & N

A

Buccal artery (maxillary branch)

Buccal branch of CN 7

68
Q

Anterior digastric origin and insertion

A

Intermediate tendon - continuous with posterior belly

Digastric fossa anterior lower border of mandible

69
Q

Anterior digastric action

A

Draws hyoid bone forward

70
Q

Anterior digastric BV & N

A

Submental artery

Mylohyoid nerve V3

71
Q

Posterior digastric origin and insertion

A

Mastoid/digastric notch posterior to mastoid

Intermediate tendon associated with hyoid

72
Q

Posterior digastric action

A

Raises hyoid

73
Q

Posterior digastric BV & N

A

Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery

Digastric branch of CN 7

74
Q

Mylohyoid origin and insertion

A

Mylohyoid ridge (mandible)

Hyoid, median raphe

75
Q

Mylohyoid action

A

Elevates hyoid, base of tongue, and floor of mouth

76
Q

Mylohyoid BV & N

A

Submental artery

Mylohyoid nerve V3

77
Q

Geniohyoid origin and insertion

A

Inferior mental spine/genial tubercle

Hyoid bone

78
Q

Geniohyoid action

A

Draws tongue and hyoid forward

79
Q

Geniohyoid BV & N

A

Sublingual artery

Ansa cervicalis C1

80
Q

What muscles are suprahyoid?

A

Anterior digastric, posterior digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

81
Q

3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus

82
Q

Functions of extrinsic tongue muscles

A

Tongue movements

83
Q

Genioglossus origin and insertion

A

Superior mental spine/genial tubercle

Tongue, hyoid

84
Q

Genioglossus action

A

Protrude tongue
Retract tip of tongue
Depress tongue

85
Q

Genioglossus BV & N

A

Lingual artery

Hypoglossal nerve - CN 12

86
Q

Hyoglossus origin and insertion

A

Hyoid

Lateral tongue

87
Q

Hyoglossus action

A

Depress dorsum of tongue

Pulls lateral borders down

88
Q

Hyoglossus BV & N

A

Lingual artery

Hypoglossal nerve - CN 12

89
Q

Styloglossus origin insertion

A

Styloid process

Lateral tongue

90
Q

Styloglossus action

A

Retract tongue

Draws up sides of tongue

91
Q

Styloglossus BV & N

A

Lingual artery

Hypoglossal nerve - CN 12

92
Q

Tensor veli palatine origin and insertion

A

Lateral aspect of auditory tube and scaphoid fossa

Comes around hamulus to insert into palate aponeurosis

93
Q

TVP action

A

Tense/elevate palate

Opens auditory tube during yawning/swallowing

94
Q

TVP BV & N

A

Ascending palatine artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery

V3 branch

95
Q

Levator veli palatine origin and insertion

A

Petrous portion of temporal bone, medial aspect of auditory tube

Palatine aponeurosis

96
Q

LVP action

A

Elevates palate during swallowing/yawning

97
Q

LVP BV & N

A

Ascending palatine artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery

Accessory spinal nerve CN 11 via the vagus CN 10

98
Q

Palatopharyngeus origin and insertion

A

Palate aponeurosis

Lateral wall of pharynx

99
Q

Palatopharyngeus action

A

Closes oropharyngeal isthmus by elevating pharynx

100
Q

Palatopharyngeus BV & N

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Accessory spinal nerve CN 11 via vagus CN 10

101
Q

Palatoglossus origin and insertion

A

Palatine aponeurosis

Lateral aspect of tongue

102
Q

Palatoglossus action

A

Closes oropharyngeal isthmus by approximating the tongue and soft palate

103
Q

Palatglossus BV & N

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Accessory spinal nerve CN 11 via vagus CN 10

104
Q

Uvular origin and insertion

A

Posterior nasal spine

Uvula

105
Q

Uvular action

A

Raises uvula

106
Q

Uvular BV & N

A

Ascending palatine artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery

Accessory spinal nerve CN 11 via vagus CN 10

Surgical Anatomy (2 decks)

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