Cranial Nerves & Palsies Flashcards
I
Olfactory; Sensory; Smell
II
Optic; Sensory; Sight
III
Oculomotor: All eye muscles except Superior Orbital & Lateral Rectus
What are the most common nerves associated with facial palsies?
Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens, Facial, Hypoglossal
IV
Trochlear; Motor; Superior Orbital
V
Trigeminal; BOTH-MUSCLES of MASTICATION 1)Opthalmic-Sensory 2)Maxillary-Sensory3)Mandibular: BOTH
VI
Abducens-Motor-Lateral Rectus
VII
Fascial-BOTH-Muscles of Fascial Expression, Taste, 5 branches (TZBMC)
VIII
Auditory/Vestibulochocliar-Sensory-Hearing&Balance!
IX
Glossopharyngeal-BOTH-Swallow muscles, Saliva
X
Vagus-BOTH-Parasympathetic innervation of Internal Organs
XI
Spinal Accessory-Motor-Trapezius, other shoulder elevators
XII
Hypoglossal-Motor-Tongue
What two C.N.’s cause you to cough when a que tip is shoved in your ear?
IXGLOSSOPHARYNGEAL & XVAGUS
What is the only CN that is dorsal to the brain stem? What anatomical landmark does it pass through?
IV TROCHLEAR. The Superior Medullary Velum (Veil)
What happens to the eyelid in a CN III palsy? What is the clinical name? What muscle?
III Oculomotor causes “TOE-SIS” (ptosis)…eLevator PAL-PE-BRAE
What happens when you pull the Superior Oblique Muscle?
It moves down(and sometimes out or in depending on the day :))
Which CN innervates the Pupil Constrictor Muscles? What happens to vision?
III Oculomotor. If you can’t constrict your pupils, the problem is probably here.. IT causes Blurred vision!!
Why would an eye go down and out in a CN III palsy?
Because IV Trochlear pulls the eye down and VI Abducens pulls the eye out while the REST of the muscles go limp.
What makes IV Trochlear palsy so difficult to diagnose? How does the patient compensate?
The eye goes outward, which can happen in a number of palsies. A head tilt is used to compensate.
Which direction does the eye go in VI Abducens Palsy? What is the clinical term for this?
Medial! Also Called ESO-TRO-PIA
Where does the GENU (bend) of the fascial nerve take place?
The Pons
What are the fxns of VII’s superior salutatory nucleus?
Saliva and Cry
What is the main fxn of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (VII,IX,X)?
Taste! Anterior 2/3 of tongue…
Which foramen can lead to Bell’s Palsy?
StyloMastoid Foramen
What is the most important branch of VII that runs through the ear ossicles? Which Ear ossicles? What are its two functions?
Chorda Tympany! Get it?! Tympanic Membrane?! Incus & Stapes. It allows taste in the Ant. 2/3 and Salivation.
What is the story of the Upper Nuclear Lesion and Lower Neuclar Lesion of VII?
An UPPER nuclear lesion of VII will only cause the LOWER half of the face to be affected (thanks to help from others!), but if it is a LOWER nuclear lesion of VII, both upper and lower face are affected.
What is the most common palsy of the C.N.’s? DON’T get this wrong :)
Bell’s Palsy
Is the innervation of XII Hypoglossal Contra-Lateral?
Nope. R XII innervates R tongue, etc..
Which direction will the tongue move if the Left XII Nerve is damaged?
To the Left. The tongue DIVIATES TO AFFECTED SIDE
Where does a Bulbar Palsy originate? Is it an upper or lower lesion?
The “Bulb” is the medulla and pons. LOWER motor neuron lesion.
Which C.N.’s are involved in Bulbar Palsy?
X,XI,XII
What are the 5 common manifestations of a Bulbar Palsy?
- Gag Reflex 2. Tongue Atrophy 3. Jaw-jerk 4.Speech 5. Water Regurgitation in Nose
Are Pseudo-Bulbar Palsys upper or lower motor lesions?
UPPER!
What two CNs are UNIQUE to Pseudo-Bulbar? Which anatomical region of the brain is involved?
V, VII so Muscles of Mastication & Fascial Expression THE PONS
What three CNs are both Bulbar and Pseduo-Bulbar Palsies? What is separates the two?
X,XI,XII- PseudoBulbar=BILATERAL degeneration Bulbar=UniLateral
