Cranial Nerves & Palsies

Question 1

I

Answer 1

Olfactory; Sensory; Smell

Question 2

II

Answer 2

Optic; Sensory; Sight

Question 3

III

Answer 3

Oculomotor: All eye muscles except Superior Orbital & Lateral Rectus

Question 4

What are the most common nerves associated with facial palsies?

Answer 4

Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens, Facial, Hypoglossal

Question 5

IV

Answer 5

Trochlear; Motor; Superior Orbital

Question 6

V

Answer 6

Trigeminal; BOTH-MUSCLES of MASTICATION 1)Opthalmic-Sensory 2)Maxillary-Sensory3)Mandibular: BOTH

Question 7

VI

Answer 7

Abducens-Motor-Lateral Rectus

Question 8

VII

Answer 8

Fascial-BOTH-Muscles of Fascial Expression, Taste, 5 branches (TZBMC)

Question 9

VIII

Answer 9

Auditory/Vestibulochocliar-Sensory-Hearing&Balance!

Question 10

IX

Answer 10

Glossopharyngeal-BOTH-Swallow muscles, Saliva

Question 11

X

Answer 11

Vagus-BOTH-Parasympathetic innervation of Internal Organs

Question 12

XI

Answer 12

Spinal Accessory-Motor-Trapezius, other shoulder elevators

Question 13

XII

Answer 13

Hypoglossal-Motor-Tongue

Question 14

What two C.N.’s cause you to cough when a que tip is shoved in your ear?

Answer 14

IXGLOSSOPHARYNGEAL & XVAGUS

Question 15

What is the only CN that is dorsal to the brain stem? What anatomical landmark does it pass through?

Answer 15

IV TROCHLEAR. The Superior Medullary Velum (Veil)

Question 16

What happens to the eyelid in a CN III palsy? What is the clinical name? What muscle?

Answer 16

III Oculomotor causes “TOE-SIS” (ptosis)…eLevator PAL-PE-BRAE

Question 17

What happens when you pull the Superior Oblique Muscle?

Answer 17

It moves down(and sometimes out or in depending on the day :))

Question 18

Which CN innervates the Pupil Constrictor Muscles? What happens to vision?

Answer 18

III Oculomotor. If you can’t constrict your pupils, the problem is probably here.. IT causes Blurred vision!!

Question 19

Why would an eye go down and out in a CN III palsy?

Answer 19

Because IV Trochlear pulls the eye down and VI Abducens pulls the eye out while the REST of the muscles go limp.

Question 20

What makes IV Trochlear palsy so difficult to diagnose? How does the patient compensate?

Answer 20

The eye goes outward, which can happen in a number of palsies. A head tilt is used to compensate.

Question 21

Which direction does the eye go in VI Abducens Palsy? What is the clinical term for this?

Answer 21

Medial! Also Called ESO-TRO-PIA

Question 22

Where does the GENU (bend) of the fascial nerve take place?

Answer 22

The Pons

Question 23

What are the fxns of VII’s superior salutatory nucleus?

Answer 23

Saliva and Cry

Question 24

What is the main fxn of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (VII,IX,X)?

Answer 24

Taste! Anterior 2/3 of tongue…

Question 25

Which foramen can lead to Bell’s Palsy?

Answer 25

StyloMastoid Foramen

Question 26

What is the most important branch of VII that runs through the ear ossicles? Which Ear ossicles? What are its two functions?

Answer 26

Chorda Tympany! Get it?! Tympanic Membrane?! Incus & Stapes. It allows taste in the Ant. 2/3 and Salivation.

Question 27

What is the story of the Upper Nuclear Lesion and Lower Neuclar Lesion of VII?

Answer 27

An UPPER nuclear lesion of VII will only cause the LOWER half of the face to be affected (thanks to help from others!), but if it is a LOWER nuclear lesion of VII, both upper and lower face are affected.

Question 28

What is the most common palsy of the C.N.’s? DON’T get this wrong :)

Answer 28

Bell’s Palsy

Question 29

Is the innervation of XII Hypoglossal Contra-Lateral?

Answer 29

Nope. R XII innervates R tongue, etc..

Question 30

Which direction will the tongue move if the Left XII Nerve is damaged?

Answer 30

To the Left. The tongue DIVIATES TO AFFECTED SIDE

Question 31

Where does a Bulbar Palsy originate? Is it an upper or lower lesion?

Answer 31

The “Bulb” is the medulla and pons. LOWER motor neuron lesion.

Question 32

Which C.N.’s are involved in Bulbar Palsy?

Answer 32

X,XI,XII

Question 33

What are the 5 common manifestations of a Bulbar Palsy?

Answer 33

1. Gag Reflex 2. Tongue Atrophy 3. Jaw-jerk 4.Speech 5. Water Regurgitation in Nose

Question 34

Are Pseudo-Bulbar Palsys upper or lower motor lesions?

Answer 34

UPPER!

Question 35

What two CNs are UNIQUE to Pseudo-Bulbar? Which anatomical region of the brain is involved?

Answer 35

V, VII so Muscles of Mastication & Fascial Expression THE PONS

Question 36

What three CNs are both Bulbar and Pseduo-Bulbar Palsies? What is separates the two?

Answer 36

X,XI,XII- PseudoBulbar=BILATERAL degeneration Bulbar=UniLateral