Cranial Nerves of Interest for Speech

Question 1

Name the 6 cranial nerves of interest to speech

Answer 1

Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (x), Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII)

Question 2

Motor function of trigeminal cranial nerve V is

Answer 2

jaw movement

Question 3

Sensory function of trigeminal cranial nerve V is

Answer 3

jaw, face, lip, and tongue

Question 4

Unilateral damage to the trigeminal cranial nerve V may cause the jaw to

Answer 4

deviate to the weak side when opened (generally no impact on speech)

Question 5

Bilateral damge to the trigeminal cranial nerve V may cause the jaw to

Answer 5

hang open and move slowly (if at all) –which has severe impact on articulation

Question 6

The motor component of the facial cranial nerve VII is important because

Answer 6

lip and cheek muscles are most important for bilabials and labiodentals.

Question 7

Damage to the facial nerve VII may cause the following…

Answer 7

inability to impound air, purse lips, or smile; drooling; flattened nasolabial fold; eye droop

Question 8

T or F. The trigeminal cranial nerve V and glossopharyngeal nerve IX are rarely damaged in isolation

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What reflex test can be used to test the integrity of the glossopharyngeal nerve IX

Answer 9

gag (asymmetry indicates damage)

Question 10

Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve IX likely contributes to what functions

Answer 10

pharyngeal movement during swallow; resonance & phonatory function

Question 11

What are the three branches of the vagus cranial nerve X?

Answer 11

pharyngeal, superior, & recurrent

Question 12

Damage to vagus nerve X can have effects on…

Answer 12

speech production, phonation, resonance, artic & prosody

Question 13

Unilateral vagus nerve X damge to the pharyngeal branch has_____effect on speech

Answer 13

little

Question 14

Depending which branch of the vagus nerve is damaged you may observe some or all of the following…

Answer 14

hypernaslity, reduced loudness, aphonia, reduced pitch range, pitch breaks, nasal emission (bilateral damage)

Question 15

Unilateral lesions of vagus nerve may present with..

Answer 15

soft palate hangs lower on affected side, pulls toward non-affected side during phonation, diminished gag, dysphagia, weak glottal coup

Question 16

Bilateral lesions of vagus nerve may present with…

Answer 16

resonance and phonatory issues

Question 17

T or F. It is difficult to test the accessory nerve XI from the vagus nerve X?

Answer 17

T

Question 18

Unilateral damage to accessory nerve XI symptoms include

Answer 18

reduced shoulder elevation, weak head turning toward affected side

Question 19

Bilateral lesions of the accessory nerve XI symptoms include

Answer 19

significant head drooping and shoulder weakness which may effect respiration, phonation, and resonance

Question 20

Atrophy of the tongue (shrunken on weak side), fasiculations of tongue, deviation of tongue to weak side, decreased tongue strength, reduced ROM of tongue are signs and symptoms of damage to

Answer 20

hypoglossal nerve XII

Question 21

Speech characteristics when damage to hypoglossal nerve XII has occured are

Answer 21

imprecise artic (/s/ /sh/ /ch/ /r/ /l/), reduced AMRs for ‘tuh’ and ‘kuh’

Question 22

Multiple Cranial Nerve Damage is called

Answer 22

bulbar palsy

Question 23

bulbar palsy is usually due to

Answer 23

a lesion within the brainstem