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SPH511 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

Neurology of the swallow

1
Q

CN V Trigeminal

A

Aff./sens.: general sensation anterior 2/3 or tongue

Eff./mot: musc. of mastication, floor of mouth

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2
Q

CN VII Facial

A

Aff./sens.: taste [ant. 2/3 tongue], general sensory - sm. pt of ear canal.
Eff./mot.: facial muscles, stapedius
Parasympathetic: hay fever glands, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

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3
Q

CN IX Glossopharyngeal

A

Aff.sens.: (taste - tongue and oropharynx bit) and general sensation posterior 1/3 of tongue, tonsil, oropharynx, middle ear, carotid body/sinus
Eff./mot.: Constrictors, stylopharyngeus
Parasympathetic: Parotid gland

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4
Q

CN X Vagus

A

Aff./sens.: mucosa of valleculae (spit traps just behind root of tongue - sensory and SS [taste] for these), tonsils, larynx, laryngopharynx and soft palate, ear canal, eardrum and behind ear
Parasympathetic: cardiac branches, thorax and abdomen
Eff./mot.: palate, pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus

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5
Q

CN XII Hypoglossal

A

Aff./sens.: NOTHING

Eff./mot.: tongue (intrinsic and extrinsic EXCEPT palatoglossus)

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6
Q

CN IX and X together

A

Aff.sens.: pharynx, larynx and viscera

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7
Q

Find out which muscles groups are innervated by which cranial nerves

A

in my file?

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8
Q

Divisions of CN V (Trigeminal)

A
  • Opthalmic division
  • Maxillary division
  • Mandibular division
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9
Q

Where is the trigeminal nucleus located?

A

In the pons (in the brainstem)

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10
Q

Where does all sensory info from the face go?

A

To the trigeminal nucleus, in the pons

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11
Q

What kind of sensory info from the face goes into the Trigeminal (V) nucleus?

A
  • Pain/temperature of face
  • Touch and positioning
  • Proprioception from jaw and mechanoreception from the teeth.
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12
Q

What kind of innervation from the Maxillary division of CN V? What parts?

A

General Sensory - *middle face,

  • palate,
  • sinuses,
  • nose
  • upper throat,
  • upper teeth and *gums.

Parasympathetic -

  • tear production
  • Mucous glands of sinuses
  • nose
  • palate
  • upper throat
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13
Q

What kinds of innervation for the Mandibular division of CN V? What parts?

A

General Sensory -

  • lower face
  • temples
  • anterior 2/3 of tongue

Motor -

  • Chewing muscles
  • small muscles in ear (bilateral)
  • palate (tensor veli palatini)
  • Mylohyoid (a suprahyoid supports floor of mouth/jaw)
  • Anterior belly of the Digastric (a suprahyoid supports floor of mouth/jaw)
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14
Q

Damage to which division of which cranial nerve affects hyoid anterior movement?

A

Mandibular division of CN V (Trigeminal)

- Mylohyoid recieves motor innervation from this.

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15
Q

How many divisions of CN VII (Facial) and what are they?

A
  • Temporal branch
  • Zygomatic branch
  • Buccal Branch
  • Marginal Mandibular branch
  • Cervical branch
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16
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates two salivary glands?

A

CN VII (Facial) innervates submandibular and sublingual glands

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17
Q

Upper facial muscles recieve bilateral supply from this cranial nerve?

A

CN VII (Facial)

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18
Q

Lower facial muscles recieve contralateral supply from this cranial nerve?

A

CN VII (Facial)

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19
Q

In which cranial nerve can you easily tell whether the client has an upper motor neuron or lower motor neuron lesion?

A 
CN VII (Facial)
- because top half of facial muscles recieve bilateral supply, but bottom half recieve contralateral supply.
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20
Q

If someone has an upper motor neuron lesion (ie cortical stroke) they will present with…?

A

Deficits on opposite lower side of their face (ie RHS upper motor neuron lesion -> lower LHS of face being impaired)

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21
Q

If someone has an impairment to the lower LHS of the face we would expect that they have damage where? To what nerve?

A

An upper motor neuron lesion to CN VII (Facial) on the RHS nerve.

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22
Q

Left sided upper and lower face deficits would indicate damage to which nerve? Where?

A

Lower motor neuron lesion of CN VII (Facial) on the LHS (Lower motor neuron damage to CN VII affects same side, whole side).

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23
Q

Damage to which cranial nerve affects hyoid elevation?

A 
CN VII (Facial)
- stylohyoid
(elevation of hyoid bone, shortening of pharynx and supraglottic space)
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24
Q

This cranial nerve has an important role in terms of gag reflex and swallow initiation:

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

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25
Q

Larynx recieves motor innervation from…?

A

Vagus (CN X)

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26
Q

Which cranial nerve is known as the ‘superhighway’ of nerves?

A

CN X (Vagus)

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27
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved in cough reflex?

A

CN X (Vagus)

28
Q

Which nerve is hard to assess in isolation, because it shares so many roles with CN X (vagus)?

A 
CN XI (Accessory):
Motor - sternomastoid and trapezius (spinal root), muscles of pharynx, larynx, palate and upper esophagus.
29
Q

What innervates motor for palatoglossus?

A

The Pharyngeal Plexus

30
Q

What CN is responsible for proprioception from the jaw and mechanoreception from the teeth?

A

CN V (Trigeminal) via trigeminal nucleus in the brainstem (pons).

31
Q

What CN is responsible for telling you your face hurts or is hot or cold?

A

CN V (Trigeminal) via trigeminal nucleus in the brainstem (pons).

32
Q

Which parts of the face recieve general sensory innervation from the Maxillary division of CN V (trigeminal)?

A 
Middle face
Palate
Sinuses
Nose
Upper throat
Upper teeth and gums
33
Q

What nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the tear glands?

A

Maxillary division of CN V (trigeminal)

34
Q

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the mucus glands of the sinuses, nose, palate and upper throat?

A

Maxillary division of CN V (trigeminal)

35
Q

What nerve is informing you that something is touching your palate?

A

Maxillary division of CN V (trigeminal)

36
Q

You have tooth-ache on the top RHS. Which nerve is telling you this?

A

Maxillary division of CN V (trigeminal)

37
Q

Sore upper throat? Which nerve is conveying this sensation?

A

Maxillary division of CN V (trigeminal)

38
Q

Which nerve is telling you your sinuses hurt?

A

Maxillary division of CN V (trigeminal)

39
Q

Which nerve makes you uncomfortable when you have a COVID test?

A

Maxillary division of CN V (trigeminal)

40
Q

Which nerve tells you you’ve bitten the tip or middle of your tongue?

A

Mandibular division of CN V (trigeminal)

41
Q

When you rub your temples, you feel them being rubbed. Which nerve tells you this?

A

Mandibular division of CN V (trigeminal)

42
Q

Which nerve tells you your lower jaw is sore?

A

Mandibular division of CN V (trigeminal)

43
Q

Which nerve innervates the chewing muscles?

A

Mandibular division of CN V (trigeminal)

44
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation for the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

The Mandibular division of CN V (Trigeminal)

45
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation for the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

Digastric Branch of CN VII (Facial)

46
Q

This muscle draws the hyoid bone backwards and elevate the tongue. It originates at the styloid process of the temporal bone and inserts on the body of the hyoid. It lies superior and anterior (over the top of) the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, is part of the same muscle group (which)? and receives motor innervation from the same nerve (which one?).

A

a) Stylohyoid muscle
b) Suprahyoid muscles
c) Digastric Branch of CN VII (Facial)

47
Q

Which 2 suprahyoid muscles (supporting floor of the mouth/jaw) does the Mandibular Division of CN V (Trigeminal) give motor innervation to?

A

1) Anterior belly of the digastric muscle

2) Mylohyoid

48
Q

Which CN innervates the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (parasympathetic)?

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

49
Q

Special sensory Taste - Anterior 2/3 of the tongue. Which CN?

A

CN VII (facial)

50
Q

Which CN has an important role in Hyoid anterior movement?

And which, in Hyoid elevation?

A

1) CN V (Trigeminal)

2) CN VII (Facial
mostly through stylohyoid)

51
Q

Why is hyoid elevation important?

A

Shortening of the pharynx and the superglottic space.

52
Q

Which muscle used in swallowing, is innervated for motor function by CN IX (glossopharyngeal) (hint: longitudinal pharyngeal muscle forming lateral walls of pharynx)

A

Stylopharyngeus

53
Q

If you hurt the posterior 1/3 of your tongue, the sense of pain would be carried by which cranial nerve?

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

54
Q

General sensory innervation for tonsils, middle ear, carotid body and caroltid sinus?

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

55
Q

This is a dilated area at the base of the internal carotid artery just superior to the bifurcation of the internal carotid and external carotid at the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage. It is sensitive to pressure changes in the arterial blood at this level. It is the major baroreception site in humans and most mammals.

A

The carotid sinus (sensory innervation - CN IX - Glossopharyngeal)

56
Q

Which salivary gland is innervated (parasympathetic) by the Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)?

A

Parotid gland

57
Q

Which nerve carries special sensory (taste) from the posterior 1/3 tongue and the oropharynx?

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

58
Q

What nerve provides the motor innervation to the muscles of the pharynx.

A 
CN X (Vagus)
(But NOT Stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN IX)
59
Q

What nerve provides the motor innervation to the muscles of the pharynx?

A 
CN X (Vagus) and CN XI (Accessory) and External Laryngeal Nerve [via Pharyngeal Plexus)
(But NOT Stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN IX - Glossopharyngeal)
60
Q

Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation for the palate and upper esophagus?

A

CN X (Vagus)
and
CN XI (Accessory)
[pharyngeal plexus]

61
Q

This CN brings general sensory from the larynx, laryngopharynx, valleculae, ear canal, eardrum and behind the ear.

A

CN X (Vagus)

62
Q

This CN carries special sensory (taste) information from the valleculae.

A

CN X (Vagus)

63
Q

The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles receive motor innervation from which cranial nerve?

A

CN XI (Accessory)

64
Q

Which tongue muscle receives motor innervation from the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Palatoglossus

65
Q

This CN provides motor innervation to ALL intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palatoglossus.

A

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

66
Q

This Cranial Nerve has no sensory component. Only motor.

A

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

SPH511 (10 decks)

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