CRANIAL NERVES Flashcards
1
Q
what are the cranks nerves
A
1 olfatory 2 optic 3 oculomotor 4 trochlear 5 trigemal 6 abducens 7 facial 8 vagus 9 glossopharyngeal 10 Vestibulocochlear 11 accessory 12 hypoglossal
2
Q
What are somatic nerves
A
derived from stomates e.g. skin and muscle
3
Q
special sensory ?
A
olfaction visual balance taste position and hearing
4
Q
sensory autonomic egs
A
blood pressure
co2 blood conc
light coming into eye
5
Q
motor autonomic egs
A
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
adrenal glands
focusing with eyes
6
Q
4 parasympathetic cranial nerves?
A
1973!!!!!! 10 vagus 9 glossopharyngeal 7 facial 3 oculomotor
7
Q
Location of olfactory CNI
A
comes through cribiform plate
passes into uncus of temporal lobe
8
Q
Function of CN I olfactory
A
sense of smell
9
Q
What nerve is commonly damaged in fractures to anterior cranial fossa
A
olfactory CN 1
10
Q
Where does optic nerve 2 enter skull
A
optic canal
11
Q
Where does the Optic nerve (CN II) join the opposite one?
A
optic chiasm
12
Q
how to test Optic nerve CN II
A
visual fields
pupil reflexes
visual acuity
fundoscopy
13
Q
Where does the Oculomotor nerve CN III carry parasympathetic fibres to and from?
A
From dinger - wistful nucleus in the tegmentum to ciliary muscles and sphincter papillary muscles (parasympathetic) - light constriction
14
Q
function of Oculomotor nerve CN III
A
Accommodation of ciliary muscles and sphincter papillary muscles
15
Q
is pupil dilate sympathetic or parasympathetic
A
sympathetic
16
Q
What does Oculomotor nerve CN III innervate
A
medial rectus superior rectus inferior rectus inferior oblique lavator pupillary constrictors
17
Q
what sinus does Oculomotor nerve CN III run through
A
cavernous sinus
18
Q
what muscles does the Oculomotor nerve CN III use to maintain open eyelid
A
LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS MUSCLE
19
Q
Oculomotor nerve CN III sensory or motor?
A
motor
20
Q
Optic nerve CN II sensory or motor?
A
sensory
21
Q
Olfactory nerve CN I sensory or motor?
A
sensory
22
Q
Trochlear Nerve CN IV sensory or motor?
A
motor
23
Q
Function of Trochlear Nerve CN IV
A
innervates Superior oblique
24
Q
what sinus does Trochlear Nerve CN IV run through
A
Cavernous sinus
25
What does damage to Trochlear Nerve CN IV cause patient to complain of
double vision as they look down
26
Trigeminal Nerve CN V sensory or motor ?
both
27
what are the 3 branches of Trigeminal Nerve CN V
1 OPTHALMIC V1
2 MAXILLARY V2
3 MANDIBULAR V3
28
exit and function of ophthalmic branch v1
exits through the superior orbital fissure
| sensory from eye and upper face
29
exit and function of Maxillary branch V2
exist through foramen rotundum
| sensory
30
,exit and function of mandibular branch V3
exits through foreman ovale
sensory and motor (for mastication)
general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue and inside cheek
31
where do Trigeminal Nerve CN V meet
Meckels Cave
32
whats Trigeminal Neuralgia
damage to sensory gangion resulting in numb face and false input to the trigeminal nuclei resulting in spontaneous firing = pain inside the face
33
What sinus does Trigeminal Nerve CN V run through
cavernous sinus
34
What will damage to Trigeminal Nerve CN V cause
Loss of corneal (blink) reflect on affected eye
35
Trigeminal Nerve CN V
| testing:
senstaion to face
```
muscles of jaw
jaw jerk (reflex)
```
corneal reflex
36
Abducens nerve CN VI sensory or motor?
Motor
37
function of Abducens nerve CN VI
innervates lateral rectus
38
What will damage to Abducens nerve CN VI result in
inabilty to abduct the affected eye
39
Facial Nerve CN VII sensory or motor?
BOTH
40
Facial Nerve CN VII somatic motor function?
muscle of facial expression
41
Facial Nerve CN VII visceral motor function?
```
lacrimal glands (tears)
Submandibular n sublingual salivary glands
```
42
Facial Nerve CN VII special sensation function
Taste buds of anterior 2/3 of tongue
43
where does Facial Nerve CN VII exit the skull
via internal acoustic meatus
| course closely related to ear
44
where is Facial Nerve CN VII nucleus
tegmentum of the PONS
45
where do corticobulbar fibres of Facial Nerve CN VII innervate
```
Contralateral = innervation of lower face
Bilateral = innervation of upper face
```
46
4 causes of bells palsy
- Lesion of Facial Nerve CN VII (see dribbling outside of mouth)
- Fractures of petrous bone
- Middle ear infections
- Inflammation of the Parotid Gland (of which Facial Nerve CN VII passes through)
47
Testing for motor function of Facial Nerve CN VII
- inspect face at rest for any weakness of asymmetry
- Look for flattening go the nasolabial folds and drooping of lower eye lid
- smile
- Raise eyebrows
- Shut eyes tightly
- Frown
48
Testing for sensory function of Facial Nerve CN VII
this is harder
touch the lateral aspect of the tongue with a cocktail stick
(sipped in sugar, salt, or vinegar) and ask the patient to identify the taste
49
Is the Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII sensory or motor
sensory
50
function of Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII
Conducts auditory and vestibular-related impulses from the organ of corti (sound), semicircular canals, the utricle and saccule( vestibular)
51
How to test Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII (sound)
- tuning fork
| - or whispering number into patients ear
52
2 causes of deafness
1 CONDUCTIVE - sound not getting to ear
2 NEUROLOGICAL - problems with nerves/organs of corti
53
What is Nystagmus and what is it a sign of
Rapid involuntary abnormal eye movement
| sign of vestibular dysfunction
54
Effects of damage to Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII
```
deafness
dizziness
nausea
loss of balance
nystagmus
```
55
Causes of damage to Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII
It runs v close to the bone
- V affected by surroundng tumours- if tumour arises in internal acoustic meatus = press on Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII and Facial Nerve CN VII
- skull fracture
- Toxic Drug effects
- Ear Infections
56
Is the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX sensory of motor?
both
57
Where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX exit the skull
Via jugular foramen
58
What nerves exit the skull via Jugular foramen
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Vagus CN X
Accessory CN XI
59
What does the parasympathetic motor fibres of the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX do
- Elevates the pharynx (motor to stylopharyngeus swallowing and gag reflex)
- Secretion of the PAROTID GLAND (SALIVARY)
60
What does the parasympathetic sensory fibres of the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX do
- Sensation from external ear
- Posterior 1/3rd of tongue - pain/ temp/ touch
- Pharynx - touch,pain,temp
- Eustachian tube - Touch, pain, temp
- Carotid sinus & body - baro&chemoreception
61
Is the Vagus Nerve CN X sensory or motor
both
62
Where does the Is the Vagus Nerve CN X exit the skull
Via jugular foramen
63
Where does Is the Vagus Nerve CN X emerge
from the medulla - between the pyramid and inferior cerebellar peduncle
64
Function of Vagus Nerve CN X (7)
Taste via posterior pharynx
Swallowing muscles of pharynx and larynx (EXCEPT THE STYLOPHARYNGEUS (CN 9))
cardiovascular and GI regulation
sensation of hunger
sensation of fullness
sensation to external ear
causes a decreased heart rate and blood pressure when stimulated ( parasympathetic)
65
What nerve supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid msucle)
RECCURANT LARYNGEAL NERVE (Vagus derivative)
66
What does hoarseness of voice mean in patient
Sign of vocal chord paralysis caused by compression/damage of recurrent laryngeal
67
What does a nasal voice in patient mean how do u test this
sign of palate paralysis
| ask patient to say 'AH" and observe palate
68
What does a bilateral lesion of the Vagus Nerve CN X cause
palate fails to rise
69
what does a unilateral paralysis of Vagus Nerve CN X cause
both palate and uvula deviate to the normal side away from the lesion
70
What does an absence of the gag reflex suggest
lesion in glossopharyngeal or vagus
71
Accessory Nerve CN XI sensory or motor?
both
72
function of Accessory Nerve CN XI
- suplies sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles
73
Where are the cell bodies of the Accessory Nerve CN XI located
ventral horn of the upper 5 segments of the spinal cord
74
Where does the Accessory Nerve CN XI exit the skull
via jugular foramen
75
Where does the Accessory Nerve CN XI send fibres through
Foramen magnum which then exits skull through jugular foramen
76
Examination of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius to test Accessory Nerve CN XI ..
Sternocleidomastoid
ask patient to turn head against resistance - paralysis sis present = difficulty rotating head to the side opposite lesion
Trapezius
ask patient to shrug shoulders again resistance - paralysis is present = inability to shrug
77
which nerve has both cranial and spinal roots
Accessory Nerve CN XI
78
Which vein does the Accessory Nerve CN XI run in close proximity to
Internal Jugular
| also exits via jugular foramen
79
injury of Accessory Nerve CN XI causes
paralysis of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles on same side as lesion
80
Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII sensory or motor
motor
81
function of Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII
Suplies intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
= tongue movements in speech, food manipulation and swallowing
82
Where are the cel bodies of the Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII located
hypoglossal nucleus
| which lies between dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus abfc midline of medulla
83
Where does Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII exit the skull
hypoglosaal canal
84
Testing function of Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII
ask patient to portrude tongue
atrophy and fibrillations (rapid uncontolled contraction of muscle )
= signs of LOWER MOTOT LESION
= tongue deviation towards the lesion
85
What will damage of Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII cause
paralysis of the Ipsilateral half of the tongue
| LICKS THE LESION (tongue movement towards the lesion )
