Cranial Nerves Flashcards by Shaheed Elhamdani

Name the sensory and autoniomic ganglia with each cranial nerve.

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What are the second order neurons in the olfactory pathway?

mitral and tufted cells in the olfactory bulb

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Mitral cells transmit information to the _____ olfactory area while tufted cells transmit to ______ olfactory area.

lateral

medial and all others

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What composes the lateral olfactory area?

Uncus, Entorhinal area, Limen Inusla, Amygdala

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What composes the intermidiate olfactory area?

anterior peforated substance

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What composes the medial olfactory area?

septal area (subcallosal region of the medial frontal lobe)

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_______ connects all three olfactory areas?

Diagonal band of broca

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What are the retinal ganglion cell types? Which have tonic or phasic responses?

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CN III passes between what major vessels?

PCA and SCA

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What are the divisions of the oculomotor nerve?

(Superior division: supply superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles. It ascends lateral to the optic nerve

Inferior division: supply inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and medial rectus muscles. Parasympathetic fibers travel with the inferior division

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The _____ cilliary nerve carries parasympathics from the ciliary ganglion.

short

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The oculomotor complex is located at the level of the _______.

superior colliculus

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The trochlear nucleus is located at the level of the _______.

inferior colliculus

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CN IV courses between which major intracranial vessels?

PCA and SCA (with CN III)

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Which cranial nerve is the only nerve to exit from the dorsum of the brainstem?

CN IV

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Which cranial nerve has the longest intracranial course?

CN IV

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Which is the smallest cranial nerve?

CN IV

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What are the three sensory nuclei of CN V? What are their functions?

Mesencephalic nucleus: conveys proprioceptor information from the muscles of mastication.

Chief sensory nucleus: conveys light touch from face.

Spinal nucleus: conveys pain, temperature, and deep pressure information.

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What are the two nerve roots of the trigeminal nerve? General function?

Portio major (sensory)

Portio minor (motor)

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What are other names for the trigeminal ganglion?

semilunar and gasserian

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Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

in Meckel’s cave on the floor of the middle fossa

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What are the three sensory divisions of the trigeminal nerve? Where do they exit the skull base?

ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3), exit the skull via superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, and foramen ovale, respectively

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What muscles are innervated by CN V?

Mastication (masseter, temporalis, medial, and lateral pterygoids).

Mylohyoid.

Anterior belly of the digastric muscle (note: posterior belly = CN VII).

Tensor tympani.

Tensor veli palatini

The CN V branches of the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani pass throug the ______ but do not synapse.

otic ganglion

What are the three components of the spinal trigeminal nucleus?

Pars oralis, pars interpolaris, pars caudalis

The tearing reflex is mediated by \_\_\_\_\_\_.

CN V1 to the superior salivatory nucleus

What is the sneezing pathway?

CN V → nucleus ambiguus → respiratory center of the reticular formation → phrenic nerves → intercostal muscles

Which cranial nerves enter the annulus of Zinn?

CN III and VI

The paramedian pontine reticular formation connects \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

horizontal and vertical gaze centers

What is the most frequently injured cranial nerve? Why?

CN VI longest intracranial course

A lesion of the CN VI nerve causes _____ while damage to the nucleus causes \_\_\_\_\_\_.

impaired ipsilateral lateral gaze impaired ipsilateral lateral gaze for both eyes

What forms the facial colliculus?

CN VII axons wrapping around the CN VI nucleus

What is the first muscle brance of CN VII?

nerve to the stapedius (arises 6 mm above the stylomastoid foramen)

What fibers are located in the nervus intermedius?

GVE, GSA, and SVA

The Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve is a branch of \_\_\_\_\_\_.

nervus intermedius

The GSPN exits the petrous temporal bone via the _______ and enters the _____ to join the ______ to form the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

greater petrosal foramen vidian (pterygoid) canal deep petrosal nerve nerve of the pterygoid canal

The nerve of the pterygoid canal joins the ____ nerve to innervate the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

V2 lacrimal gland and mucosa of the mouth

The chorda tympani joins the _____ nerve to innervate \_\_\_\_\_\_.

V3 submandibular and sublingual glands

The chorda tympani exits the skull base via the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

petrotympanic fissure

CN VII provides sensation to what region? Through what ganglion?

external auditory meatus and back of the ear geniculate ganglion

Taste in CN VII travels through what CN? Through what ganglion? To what nucleus?

chorda tympani geniculate ganglion rostal nucelus solitarius

What are the branches of the facial nerve from proximal to distal?

Greater superficial petrosal nerve (just before the geniculate ganglion). Nerve to the stapedius Chorda tympani Motor branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical branches (mnemonic: “Ten Zebras Bit My Clock”)

The acoustic reflex involves _____ output to the ______ nerves.

superior oliverary complex CN VII (stapedius), CN V (tensor tympani)

A lateral lemniscus lesion causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

contralateral deafness

Unilateral damage to MLF rostral to CN VI causes _____ while bilateral causes \_\_\_\_\_\_.

weakness of the ipsilateral lateral rectus, contralateral nystagmus, and normal convergence internuclear ophthalmoplegia damage, no eye adduction

CN IX leaves the medulla between \_\_\_\_\_.

olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle

CN IX sends off a \_\_\_\_\_\_. branch prior to exiting the skull.

tympanic (jacobson's

CN IX provides sensatio to \_\_\_\_\_

Back of the ear, Inner surface of the tympanic membrane, Posterior one-third of the tongue, Upper pharynx

Jacobson's nerve goes through the ______ ganglion, joining the ______ nerve, exiting the skull base through the \_\_\_\_\_\_, to synapse in the _____ ganglion, and travels with the _____ nerve to the ______ gland.

inferior lesser petrosal nerve foramen ovale otic auricotemporal branch (V3) parotid

How does glossopharyngeal neuralgia present?

pain behind the ear or in the mouth, often precipitated by swallowing or coughing

The two ganglia of the vagus nerve are _____ and are located \_\_\_\_\_\_.

superior (jugular), inferior (nodose) beneath the jugular foramen

Arnold's nerve is a branch of \_\_\_\_\_\_.

vagus

Arnold's nerve provides sensation to \_\_\_\_\_\_.

ear, external auditory meatus, and external surface of the tympanic membrane

The vocal chords and subglottis are supplied by which nerve? What's it a branch of?

recurrent laryngeal nerve vagus

The pharyngeal branch of CN X supplies ______ except for \_\_\_\_\_.

all the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate stylopharengeus (IX) and tensor veli palatini (V)

The cardiac plexus is supplied by what nerve?

CN X

CN XII innervates all muscles of the tongue except \_\_\_\_\_\_.

palatoglossus (X)