Basal Ganglia Flashcards
What is the neostriatum or striatum?
caudate and putamen
What is the paleostriatum?
globus palidus
What is the corpus striatum?
Neostriatum and paleostriatum
What is archistriatum?
amygdala
What is the lentiform nuclei?
Putamen and globus palidus
What are the subcomponents of the caudate?
Head, Body, Tail, Nucleus accumbens
What is contiguous with the head of the caudate?
anterior perforated substance
The tail of the caudate forms the roof of the _____.
temporal horn
What are the five main inputs into the striatum? What are the three main outputs?
- Corticostriate fibers (most important)
- Amygdalostriate fibers
- Thalamostriate fibers
- Niagrostriatal
- Raphe Nucleus
- Striatonigral
- Striatopallidal
- Nigorthalamic
The Lateral Medullary Lamina separates the _______ and ______.
putamen; GP
The Medial Medullary Lamina separates the _______ and ______.
Medial and lateral GP
The Accessory Medullary Lamina separates the _______ and ______.
inner and out segments of medial GP
Huntington’s disease involves decrease in what neurotransmitters in what locations?
substance P and enkephalin in GP and SN
What is the main output tract of the globus palidus?
Ansa lenticularis
A lesion to the subthalamus causes what clinical presentation?
contralateral hemiballisumus
What composes the basal ganglia?
corpus striatum, amygdala, subthalamic nuclei, substantia niagra
What is the zona incerta?
gray matter between the thalamic and lenticular fasciculi
What is the overall output of the corpus straitum?
inhibitory to MGP and SNpr that inhibits the thalamic output to the premotor and supplementary motor cortex, but not to area 4
What is the putamen circuit?
involved in discrete motor movements:
Fibers from motor and somatosensory cortex → putamen → GP → thalamus → supplementary motor cortex.
What is the caudate circuit?
involved with cognitive function
Fibers from cortical association areas → caudate → GP → thalamus → supplementary motor cortex
