Cranial nerves ( 7-12) Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

Facial nerve

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2
Q

Function of cranial nerve VII

A
  1. supplies the muscles of facial expression

2. taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

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3
Q

Upper motor neuron lesion of CN VII

A
  1. weakness of the lower part of the face

- sparing the forehead and eye closure

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4
Q

Lower motor neuron lesion of CN VII

A
  1. weakness of all facial muscles on the affected side
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5
Q

Causes of upper motor neuron lesion of CN VII

A
  1. Stroke
  2. Multiple sclerosis
  3. Brain tumor
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6
Q

Causes of lower motor neuron lesion of CN VII

A
  1. most commonly causes by bell’s palsy
  2. Herpes zoster infection
  3. Sarcoidosis
  4. Guillian Barre syndrome
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7
Q

Bell’s palsy

A
  1. acute
  2. unilateral
  3. lower motor neurone facial weakness
  4. pain or discomfort behind the ipsilateral ear
  5. full spontaneous recovery occurs in 90% of the cases but may take 9 months
  6. oral prednisolone increases likelihood of full recovery
  7. Eye protection is important as weakness of eyelid closure can cause corneal abrasions
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8
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A
  1. carries auditory fibres from cochlea

2. carries vestibular fibres from semicircular canals for balance

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9
Q

causes of Cranial nerve VII palsy

A
  1. Stroke
  2. Multiple sclerosis
  3. Trauma
  4. Acoustic neuroma
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10
Q

Cranial nerve VII palsy

A
  1. sensorineuronal deafness
  2. tinnitus
  3. vertigo
  4. nystagmus
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11
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A

Glassopharyngeal nerve

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12
Q

Cranial nerve IX function

A
  1. sensation to the pharynx

2. taste to the posterior third of the tongue

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13
Q

Cranial nerve X

A

Vagus nerve

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14
Q

Cranial nerve X function

A
  1. motor supply to the pharynx, larynx and upper oesophagus
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15
Q

Bulbar palsy

A
  1. both CNIX and CNX are affected togather
    clinical features reflect impairment of pharyngeal control and swallowing
  2. Bulbar palsy (lower motor neurone lesion)
    - nasal speech
    - dysphagia with nasal regurgitation
    - ‘weak’ bovine cough
    - wasted tongue
    - absent gag reflex
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16
Q

Pseudo bulbar palsy ( upper motor neurone lesion)

A
1. spastic dysarthia - 
a type of motor speech disorder affecting speech articulation, caused by lesions of the corticobulbar tracts
2. dysphagia with choking
3. spastic immobile tongue
4. brisk jaw jerk
5. brisk gag reflex
17
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A

Accessory nerve

18
Q

Cranial nerve XI function

A
  1. supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle
19
Q

Cranial nerve XI palsy

A
  1. muscle weakness
  2. impaired shoulder shrug
  3. impaired head rotation
20
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve

21
Q

Cranial nerve XII function

A
  1. motor supply to the tongue
22
Q

Cranial nerve XII palsy

A
  1. unilateral weakness, wasting and fasciculation of the tongue
  2. upon protrusion of the tongue there is deviation towards the affected side
23
Q

Cause of Cranial nerve XII palsy

A
  1. malignant meningitis

2. base of skull fracture