Cranial Nerves

Question 1

I Olfactory

Answer 1

Function is smell; if damaged it causes anosmia (loss of smell)

Question 2

II Optic

Answer 2

Visual activity; if damaged causes monocular blindness, loss of pupillary constriction, absence of blink reflex.

Question 3

III. Oculomotor

Answer 3

Turns eyes up down and in.

If damaged causes ptosis (drooping eyelid) dilation of pupil, loss of accommodation of the light reflex.

Question 4

IV Trochlear

Answer 4

Turns adducted eye down

If damaged causes Diplopia, (double vision) and failure to rotate eye up and out.

Question 5

V Trigeminal

Answer 5

Sensory for face, muscles of mastication.
If damaged causes loss of facial sensation, weakness of muscles for mastication, deviation of opened jaw to ipsilateral side.

Question 6

VI Abducens

Answer 6

Turns eyes out

Damage= Diplopia, convergent squint and abductor paralysis of ipsilateral eye.

Question 7

VII Facial

Answer 7

Muscles for facial expressions, taste ant. 2/3 of the tongue.
Damage = ipsilateral facial paralysis, dry mouth, loss of taste, Bell’s palsy

Question 8

VIII vestibulocochlear

Answer 8

Balance and hearing

Damage= vertigo, nystagmus, (rapid movement of the eye) disequilibrium, tinnitus and loss of hearing

Question 9

IX glossopharyngeal

Answer 9

Taste post. 1/3 of the tongue, muscles of pharynx, gag reflex.
Damage = slight dysphagia, partial dry mouth,loss of post. taste.

Question 10

X vagus

Answer 10

Internal organs

Damage = palpitations, tachycardia,vomiting, slowing of respiration, ipsilateral paralysis of soft palate and larynx, hoarseness, and anesthesia of the larynx.

Question 11

XI spinal accessory

Answer 11

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.

Damage= weakness in shrugging ipsilateral shoulder, turning head to opposite side.

Question 12

XII hypoglossal

Answer 12

Muscles of the tongue

Damage = unilateral paralysis of the tongue,deviation to the ipsilateral side with protrusion.