Cranial Nerves

Question 1

optic nerve examinations

Answer 1

visual field
visual acuity
fundoscopy

Question 2

papilledema, causes and evolution

Answer 2

due to increased intracranial pressure

1. blurred vision, elevation of the disc
2. no pulsation of retinal veins
3. edema and darkening of vessels at disk margin, peripapillary hemorrhage
4. advanced stage: bilat. papilledema
5. atrophy

Question 3

main causes for unilat. and bilat optic neuropathy

Answer 3

demyalinative
ischemic
parainfectious
toxins and drugs
vit b deficiencies
hereditary
infiltrative

Question 4

etiology of facial nerve palsy

Answer 4

idiopathic: Bell’s palsy (treated with prednisone)
secondary: inflammation, infections, neoplasia, trauma, aneurysma or vertebral or basilar artery

Question 5

IX nerve palsy

Answer 5

impairment of swallowing solid food
decreased parotid secretion
decreased bitter taste

Question 6

difference between central and peripheral facial paresis

Answer 6

central: manifestation of lower part of face
peripheral: no skin folds, unfurrowed forehead, wide palpebral fissure, eyelids dont close, tears over cheek, salivation out of mouth corner