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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A group of neurons organized into bundles (fasciculi) surrounded by a sheet of connective tissue (endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium).

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2
Q

What is a root?

A

Axon bundles adjacent to the CNS (enveloped by meninges).

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3
Q

What is a ganglion? What are the two types?

A

Location of the spinal nerve enlargement (due to the collection of cell bodies).
- spinal ganglia (dorsal root of the spinal nerve)
- autonomic ganglia (multipolar neurons innervating the viscera)

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4
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

A network of nerves.

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5
Q

List the 12 cranial nerves in order.

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hyppoglossal

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6
Q

List the type of nervous impulses traveling through the cranial nerves (in order).

A

S
S
M
M
B
M
B
S
B
B
M
M

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7
Q

CN 1: origin, pathway, function.

A

CN 1: Olfactory Nerve
origin: olfactory mucosa
pathway: olfactory mucosa –> fillaments –> cribriform plate (ethmoid bone) –> olfactory bulb
function: sensory (sense of smell)

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8
Q

CN 2: origin, pathway, function.

A

CN 2: Optic Nerve
origin: retina
pathway: retina –> optic canal (orbital bone apex) –> optic chiasma
function: sensory (vision)
special: ensheathed in 3 meningeal layers (instead of endo/peri/epi-neurium)

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9
Q

CN 3: origin, pathway, function.

A

CN 3: Oculomotor Nerve
origin: mesencephalon (midbrain)
pathway: cerebral pedunculi –> orbital fissure –> foramen oribiturotundum (ru, su)
function: motor neurons!
(1) ramus dorsalis: m. levator palpebrae superiores; rectus dorsalis
(2) ramus ventralis: rectus medialis, rectus ventralis, rectus obliqus ventralis

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10
Q

CN 4: origin, pathway, function.

A

CN 4: Trochlear Nerve
origin: mesencephalon (midbrain: lamina tecti)
pathway: lamina tecti –> fissura orbitalis / foramen orbiturotundum (su, ru)
function: motor for m. obliquus dorsalis (of eye)

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11
Q

CN 5: origin, pathway, function.

A

CN 5: Trigeminal Nerve
origin: mesencephalon (hindbrain: pons)
function: innervate skin, head, masseteric muscles (expt. m. digastricus)
main branches:
(1) Opthalmic Nerve
(2) Maxillary Nerve
(3) Mandibular Nerve

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12
Q

CN 5.1

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Opthalmic Nerve
(1) Lacrimal Nerve (superficial)
(2) Frontal Nerve (superficial)
(3) Nasociliary Nerve (deep)

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13
Q

CN 5.1.1

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Opthalmic Nerve
Lacrimal Nerve (superficial)
- lacrimal gland
- upper eyelid
- angulus oculi lateralis
- cornual branch (ox)

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14
Q

CN 5.1.2

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Opthalmic Nerve
Frontal Nerve (superficial)
- n. supraorbitalis
- n. supratrochlearis

innervates: forehead
exits: orbita –> foramen supraorbitale (eq)

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15
Q

CN 5.1.3

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Opthalmic Nerve
Nasociliary Nerve (deep)
nn. ciliares longi
n. ethmoidalis
n. intratrochlearis

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16
Q

CN 5.2: origin, pathway, function.

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Maxillary Nerve
(1) Zygomatic Nerve
(2) Pterygopalatine Nerve
(3) Infraorbital Nerve

fissura orbitalis / foramen alare restrale (car)

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17
Q

CN 5.2.1

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Maxillary Nerve
Zygomatic Nerve
- n. zygomatofacialis
- r. zygomatotemporalis
- r. communicants (n. zygomaticus + n. lacrimalis)
- cornu rostralis (ru)

18
Q

CN 5.2.2

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Maxillary Nerve
Pterygopalatine Nerve
- n. palatinus major (hard palate)
- n. palatinus minor (soft palate)
- n. nasalis caudalis (nasal mucose)

19
Q

CN 5.2.3

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Maxillary Nerve
Infraorbital Nerve
- r. nasales externii
- r. nasales internii
- r. labiales superiores
- r. alveolares (superiored caudales, superiores medii, superiores rostrales)

20
Q

CN 5.3: origin, pathway, function.

A

CN 5.3: Mandibular Nerve
- Maseteric Nerve
- Pterygoid Medial & Lateral Nerve
- Buccal Nerve
- Auriculotemporal Nerve
- Infrerior Alveolar Nerve
- Lingual Nerve

foramen ovale / foramen lacerum / foramen jugulare

21
Q

CN 5.3.1

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Mandibular Nerve
Masticatory Nerve
- n. masetericus
- n. temporalis profundus

22
Q

CN 5.3.2

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Mandibular Nerve
Pterygoid Medial and Lateral Nerve

23
Q

CN 5.3.3

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Mandibular Nerve
Buccal Nerve

24
Q

CN 5.3.4

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Mandibular Nerve
Auriculotemporal Nerve
- ramus transversus facei

25
CN 5.3.5
Trigeminal Nerve Mandibular Nerve Inferior Alveolar Nerve - rami dentales - rami alveolares (caudi, medi, rostrales)
26
CN 5.3.6
Trigeminal Nerve Mandibular Nerve Lingual Nerve
27
CN 6: origin, pathway, function.
Abducent Nerve origin: myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) pathway: medulla oblongata -> fissura orbitalis / foramen ovale function: motor neuron for: - m. retractor bulbi - m. rectus lateralis
28
CN 7: origin, pathway, function.
CN 7: Facial Nerve origin: myelencephalon (trapezoid body of medulla oblongata) pathway: trapezoid body -> meatus acusticus internus (temporal bone) ->stylomastoid foramen branches: - Major Petrosal Nerve - Stapedial Nerve - Intermedial Nerve - Chroda Tympani Nerve
29
CN 7.1
Facial Nerve Major Petrosal Nerve
30
CN 7.2
Facial Nerve Stapedial Nerve
31
CN 7.3
Facial Nerve Intermedial Nerve
32
CN 7.4
Facial Nerve Chorda Tympani Nerve (joins N. Lingualis)
33
Additonal free branches of CN 7
CN 7: Facial Nerve - n. auriculopalpebralis - r. auricularis intenus - r. auricularis caudalis - rr. palpebrales - r. digastricus - r. buccales - r. colli (m. parotidoauriculars, m. cutaneus colli)
34
CN 8: origin, pathway, function.
CN 8: Vestibulocochlear Nerve origin: myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) pathway: medulla oblongata --> meatus aucusticus internus - Vestibular Nerve (body position and equillibrium) - Cochlear Nerve (hearing)
35
CN 9: origin, pathway, function.
CN 9: Glossopharyngeal Nerve origin: myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) pathway: medulla oblongata --> foramen lacerum / jugulare + ramus lingualis + ramus sinus carotici + ramus pharyngeaus
36
CN 10: origin, pathway, function.
CN 10: Vagus Nerve origin: myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) pathway: medulla oblongata -> foramen jugulare 3 branches: (1) cranial (2) cervical (3) thoracic
37
CN 10.1
Vagus Nerve Pars Cranialis - n. depressor - ramus auricularis - rami pharyngei - n. laryngeus cranialis (rami externi, rami interni)
38
CN 10.2
Vagus Nerve Pars Cervicalis - truncus vagosympathicus
39
CN 10.3
Vagus Nerve Pars Thoracica - n. laryngeus caudalis - n. laryngeus caudalis reocurrens - rami cardiaci - rami bronchiales - truncus vagalis dorsalis - truncus vagalis ventralis + ganglion cervicale medium (eq) | n. vagus -> diaphragm -> plexus solearis (abdominal cavity)
40
CN 11: origin, pathway, function.
CN 11: Accessory Nerve origin: myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) pathway: medulla oblongata --> foramen jugulare / foramen occipitale magnum - ramus internus + n. vagus - ramus externus - ramus ventralis + m. sternocephalicus - ramus dorsalis + mm. trapezius + m. cleidocephalicus + m. omotransversarius
41
Which two nerves from ramus dorsalis and ramus ventralis innervate cervical spinal nerves?
m. cleidocephalicus m. sternocephalicus
42
CN 12: origin, pathway, function.
CN 12: Hypoglossal Nerve origin: myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) pathway: medulla onlongata -> foramen nervus hypoglossi branches: + ansa cervicalis + rami linguales - tongue extrinsic muscles - tongue intrinsic muscles - m. thyrohyoideus - m. geniohyoideus | parallel to linguinal artery, lateral to carotid artery

Anatomy (4 decks)

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