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Common Integument Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What is the latin name for skin?

A

cutis

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2
Q

State the layers of the skin.

A

Cutis:
1) epidermis
2) dermis
3) subcutaneous tissue- tela subcutanea/subcutis

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3
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis? Which layer is ‘vascular’?

A

papillary layer- stratum papillare
reticular layer- stratum reticulare (inserts into the epithelium- no blood vessels)

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4
Q

What glands are present in the cutis?

A

sebaceous glands- glandulae sebaceae
sweat glands- glandulae sudoriferae

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5
Q

Where do the skin glands open into?

A

Sebaceous glands- Glandulae sebaceae open into hair follicles (protect glands)

Sweat glands- glandulae sudoriferae
open into any part of the skin (with exceptions)

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6
Q

Explain the composition of subcutaneous tissue. What is its function?

A

composition:
- loose connective tissue
- adipose tissue

function:
- storage of fat

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7
Q

What is the latin name for common skin glands?

A

glandulae sudoriferae

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8
Q

What is subcutaneous tissue? Where si it located?

A
  • loose connective tissue layer with interspersed white fat
  • b/w the skin and superficial fascia
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9
Q

State the species differences in the subcutaneous tissue.

A

dog: increased loose connective tissue
cat: increased loose connective tissue

goat: tightly adherent to the trunk; wattles
sheep: increased loose connective tissue, wattles; transversal neck skin folds
ox: tightly adherent to the trunk; dewlap

pig: increased adipose tissue; wattles

horse: tightly adherent to the trunk

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10
Q

What are the special types of subcutaneous tissue? Where are they present?

A

Wattles (Appendices Colli):
- ventral side of neck; cartilage inside
- sheep; goat; pig

Dewlap (Palear):
- near the chest
- ox; cow

Skin folds (Plicae cutis):
- local thickening of the subcutis

Plica transversa colli

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11
Q

What are the different types of skin glands? Where are they located? What do they secrete? What species are they present in?

A

1) SEBACEOUS GLANDS-
Apocrine Sweat Glands
- in association with hair follicles (into which they drain)
- produce a fatty secretion / abluminous sweat (rich in protein) = lubricates and waterproofs the skin and coat
- provides odour
- species: horse

Tarsal Glands of the EYELIDS (meibomian glands)
Sebaceous Glands of the LIPS
Specialized Sebaceous Glands Around the ANUS

2) SWEAT GLANDS-
Eccrine Sweat Glands
- not associated with hairs
- secrete a watery sweat (directly onto skin surface)
- species: primates, domestic animals (hairless regions eg. footpads)

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12
Q

What is the latin word for skin pouches? What are they? Where are they present?

A

Skin Pouches (Sinus cutanei):
- puches with glands inside

carnivores:
1) Paranal sinus:
- gray, fatty secretion
- unpleasant odor
- anus

small ruminants:
1) Infraorbital sinus (sinus infraorbitalis):
- eye
- yellow, fatty secretion
2) Interdigital sinus (sinus interdigitalis):
- between the digits
- colourless, waxy secretion
2) Inguinal sinus (sinus inguinalis):
- inguial region
- yellow, fatty secretion

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13
Q

What is the functio of specialized skin glands?

A
  • sexual markers
  • territorial markers (important in wild animals)
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14
Q

State the different specialized skin glands in different species.

A

Dog:
- ceruminous glands (gll. ceruminosae)
- paranal sinus (gll. sinus paranialis)
- caudal glands (gll. caudae)
- anal glands (gll. circumanales)
- foot pad skin glands (gll. tori)

Cat:
- ceruminous glands (gll. ceruminosae)
- paranal sinus (gll. sinus paranialis)
- caudal glands (gll. caudae)
- circumoral glands (gll. circumorales)
- foot pad skin glands (gll. tori)

Sheep:
- ceruminous glands (gll. ceruminosae)
- nasal plane glands (gll. plani nasalis)
- infraorbital sinus glands (gll. sinus infraorbitalis)
- interdigital sinus glands (gll. sinus interdigitalis)
- inguinal sinus glands (gll. sinus inguinalis)

Goat:
- ceruminous glands (gll. ceruminosae)
- horn gland (gl. cornualis)

Ox:
- ceruminous glands (gll. ceruminosae)
- nasolabial plane glands (gll. plani nasolabiales)

Pig:
- ceruminous glands (gll. ceruminosae)
- rostral plane glands (gll. plani rostrales)
- carpal glands (gll. carpeae)
- mental gland (gl. mentalis)

Horse:
- ceruminous glands (gll. ceruminosae)
- frog skin glands (gll. tori)

cerumen- waxy substance on hair

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15
Q

State the principal features of mammary glands. How are they arranges? Male mammary gland? Accessory mammry gland?

A

Mammary Gland (gl. mammaria / mamma):
- 1+ mammary units (dep. on species)
- 2 components: body (corpus mammae), and teat (papilla mammae)
- arranged billaterally symetrically to the midline of the trunk of the body

Male mammary gland (mamma masculine):
- unfunctional
- rudimentary

Accessory mammry gland (mamma accessoria):
- unfunctional
- cranial/caudal to mammary glands

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16
Q

State the species differences in mammary glands.

A

Cat:
- thoracic –> inguial region
- 8 glands
- 1-7 orfices on teat

Dog:
- thoracic –> inguial region
- 10 glands
- 5-10 orfices on teat

Ruminant:
- ‘udder’ = groin
1) Sheep: 2 glands, 1 orfice
2) Goat: 2 glands, 1 orfice
3) Bovine: 4 glands, 1 orfice

Pig:
- thoracic –> inguial region
- 14 glands
- 2 orfices on teat

Horse:
- ‘udder’ = groin
Mare: 2 glands, 2 orfice

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17
Q

State the external structure of the mammary gland.

A

2 main parts:
- Body (corpus mammae)
- Teat (papilla mammae) (smooth muscle sphincter)

Additional:
- Intermammary groove (sulcus intermammarius)
- Abdominal wall

Suspensory apparatus:
- Suspensory lamella (lamellae suspensoriae)
- Medial fascial sheet (laminae mediales)
- Lateral fascial sheet (laminae laterales)

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18
Q

State the internal strcuture of the mammary gland.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • lobuli glandulae mammariae
  • lobi glandulae mammariae
  • ductus lactiferi (conveys milk)
  • sinus lactifer- pars glandularis, pars papillaris
  • ductus papillaris
  • ostium papillare
19
Q

Explain the presence of foot pads. Latin? What are their different layers? What is their function? What are the different types?

Study These Flashcards
A

Foot Pads (Tori)

**Layers: **
- epidermis tori
- dermis tori
- tela subcutanea tori
- adipose tissue

**Function: **
- shock absorber
- protects tendons, bones and joints

**Types: **
Chesnut:
- carpal pads (torus carpeus)
- tarsal pads (torus tarseus)
Ergot:
- metacarpal pads (calcar metacarpeum)
- metatarsal pads (torus metatarseus)
Heel bulbs:
- digit pads (torus ungulae)

20
Q

State the species differences in foot pads.

Study These Flashcards
A

Carnivore:
- 1 carpal pad
- 1 metacarpal pad
- 5 digit pads (front)
- 0 tarsal pads
- 1 metatarsal pad
- 4 digit pads (back)

Pig:
- 1 carpal pad
- 1 metacarpal pad
- 2 digit pads (front)
- 1 tarsal pads
- 1 metatarsal pad
- 2 digit pads (back)

Pig:
- 1 carpal pad
- 1 metacarpal pad
- 2 digit pads (front)
- 1 tarsal pads
- 1 metatarsal pad
- 2 digit pads (back)

Ox:
- 1 carpal pad
- 1 metacarpal pad
- 2 digit pads (front)
- 1 tarsal pads
- 1 metatarsal pad
- 2 digit pads (back)

Horse:
- 1 carpal pad (rudimentary)
- 1 metacarpal pad (rudimentary)
- 1 digit pads (front)
- 1 tarsal pads (rudimentary)
- 1 metatarsal pad (rudimentary)
- 1 digit pads (back)

21
Q

State the external structure of hair. Latin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hair (Pili):
- hair tip (paex pili)
- hair shaft (scapus pili)
- hair root (radix pili)
- hair follicle (folliculus pili)
- hair bulb (bulbus pili)
- hair papilla (papilla pili)
- arrector muscle of the hair (mm. arrectores pilorum)

arrector muscle- most developed on animal back

22
Q

State the internal structure of hair. What is it made of? What is its function?

Study These Flashcards
A

1) Cuticle (cuticula):
- protection from external factors

2) Cortex (cortex):
- keratin and pigments

3) Medulla/Core (medulla)

23
Q

State the species differences in Capilli.

Study These Flashcards
A

Guard/covering hairs (capilli):

Carnivore:
- wool hair (pili lanei)
- bristles (setae)

Pig:
- bristles (setae)
- stiff hairs

Sheep:
- wool hair (pili lanei)
- bristles (setae)

Goat:
- bristles (setae)
- beard hair (barba)

Horse:
- bristles (setae)
- forelock (cirrus capitis)
- mane (juba)
- tail (cirrus caudae)
- fetlock (cirrus metacarpeus/metatarseus)

wool hair- no medulla, thin, wavu and short

24
Q

State the types of bristles present in all animals.

Study These Flashcards
A

Bristles (setae):
- cilia (eyelashes)
- vibrissae (nostril hair)
- tragi (ear hair)

25
What are the two major types of hair? What are their functions and structrues?
1) **Guard/Covering hairs (*capilli*)**: - longer and stronger covers the body (shape and look) 2) ***Pili tactiles***: - responsive to touch - thick - deep in subcutis - surrounded by the venous sinus and nerve endings
26
What *Pili Tactiles* are present in all animals? What is a special guard hair of the cats?
- supraorbital (pili tactiles supraorbitales) - infraorbital (pili tactiles sinfraorbitales) - zygomatic (pili tactiles zygomatici) - buccal (pili tactiles buccales) - upper and lower lip (pili tactiles labiales superiores et inferiores) - metal (pili tactiles metales) cats only!: - carpal (pili tactiles carpales)
27
State the composition of the horn. Latin? What are its differnet parts and layers?
**Horn (*Cornu*)**: **3 Parts**: - horn apex (*apex cornus*) - horn body (*corpus cornus*) - horn base (*basis hornus*) **3 Layes**: - epidermis (*epidermis cornus*) - dermis (*dermis cornus*) NO SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE! - cornual process of the frontal bone (*processus cornualis*)
28
State the features of the common integument of birds.
**Skin** (*Cutis*): - thin - poor supply of blood vessels - **no sweat glands** - 1 sebaceous gland: **gl. uropygialis** (makes feathers water resistant) - **feathers** (pennae): scapus+vexillum **Comb** (*Crista carnosa*): - turkey: processus frontalis + carunculae cutanae **Wattle** (*Palae*) **Beak** (*Rhamphotheca*): - cornified - skin= **Cere** (*Cera*) Foot: - **scales** (*scuta*) - **smaller scales** (*scutella*) - **spur** (*calcaria*) - **claws** (*ungues*) - **metatarsal pads** (*pulvini*) - **digital pads** (*pulvini*) - **interdigital webs** (*tela interdigitalis*)
29
What is bird skin called with feathers and without feathers?
with feathers: pteryla without feathers: apteria
30
State the structure of the feather.
1) **Shaft (*scapus*)**: midline - **rachis (*rachis*) **midline to which small lines are attached - **calamus (*calamus*)** midline without attachment 2) **Vexillum (*vexillum*)**: small projections - internal - external
31
What are the different types of bird feathers?
1) **Contous feathers (*Pennae contornae*)** - converts - *tectrices* - flight - *remiges* - tail - *rectrices* 2) **Down feathers (*Pennae plumae*)** - down feathers - *plumae*
32
State the parts of the carnivore claw. Latin?
**Claws (*Unguicula*)** - present in dogs and cats - phalanx distalis **4 Segments**: - *vallum* (instead of limbus) - *corona unguicula* - wall:*paries cornea* (stratum externum, medium, internum) - sole: *solea unguicula* **Absent**: - hoof frog (cuneus ungulae) - hoof cartilage (cartilaginaes ungulae)
33
State the parts of the bovine hoof. Latin?
**Bovine hoof (*Paraungula*)**: - **greater rudimentary reduction** (in ruminants) - **2 hooves** (3&4 digit): sepearted by interdigital space) - **2 dewclaws** (2&5 digit): rudimentary - **accessory digits**: smaller, no bones **ABSENT**: - horny frog (cuneus ungulae) - hoof cartilage (cartilagines ungulae)
34
State the parts of the pig hoof. Latin?
**Pig hoof (*Paraungula*)**: - **2 hooves** (3&4 digit): sepearted by interdigital space) - **2 dewclaws** (2&5 digit): rudimentary - **accessory digits**: full set of bones! caudal to principal bones **ABSENT**: - horny frog (cuneus ungulae) - hoof cartilage (cartilagines ungulae)
35
State the composition of the Paraungula.
**Paraungula**: pig/bovine hoof 4 Dermis: - *dermis limbi* - *dermis coronae* - *dermis parietis* - *dermis solea* *Rudimemtary hoof* of dewclaw *Phalanx distalis* (hoof) *Zona alba* (tip of hoof) *Torus ungulae* (back of hoof)
36
State the different parts of the equine hoof (cross section).
**3 Layers**: 1) epidermis (hoof capsule)- *epidermis (capsula ungularis)* 2) dermis- *dermis/corium* 3) subcutaneous tissue- *tela subcutanea* (absent in hoof wall and pad) **Bony Parts:** - distal phalanx- *phalanx distalis* - distal sesamoid bone- *os sesamoideum distale* - foot pad of the hoof- *torus ungulae* **Other Segments:** - wall segment- *paries ungulae* - hoof frog- cuneus ungulae - sole segment- solea ungulae - hoof cartilage- cartilagines ungulae - perioplic segment- lingus ungulae
37
State the composition of the equine hoof horny wall.
Horny Wall- *paries corneus* 1) stratum externum 2) stratum medium + tubuli epidermales (dark) 3) stratum internum + lamellae epidermales (yellow)
38
State the horny parts of the equine hoof.
1) horny **frog**- *cuneus corneus* 2) horny **sole**- *solea cornea* 3) horny **wall**- *paries corneus* (*lamina*)
39
What is the 'white zone'?
White zone/line- *zona albae/linea alba ungulae* line between: - paries corneus - solea cornea
40
State the additional sructures seen in the horse hoof.
- white zone- zona albae - inflexed part- pars inflexa (lateralis, medialis) - perioplic groove- sulcus limbalis - coronary groove- sulcus coronalis
41
What are the equine hoof dermis parts?
1) dermis limbi 2) dermis cornae 3) dermis parietalis 4) dermis solea 5) dermis cutanei
42
State the parts of the horny sole.
horny sole- *solea cornea* - central margin- *margo centralis* - parietal margin- *margo parietalis* - lateral crus- *crus lateralis* - medial crus- *crus medialis* - sole body- *corpus solea*
43
State the parts of the horny frog.
horny frog- *cuneus corneus* - frog basis- basis cunei - frog apex- apex cunei - frog central groove- sulcus cunealis centralis - lateral frog crus- crus cunei lateralis - medial frog crus- crus cunei medialis - lateral frog groove- sulcus paracunealis lateralis - medial frog groove- sulcus paracunealis medialis

Anatomy (4 decks)

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