cranial nerves

Question 1

Answer 1

Olfactory CNI

-comes out at forebrain

Question 2

Answer 2

Abducens CNVI

-MOST MEDIAL at pontomedullary junction

Question 3

Answer 3

Trigeminal (CNV)

-big one
-ONLY CN TO COME OUT OF PONS

Question 4

Answer 4

-Oculomotor (CNIII)

comes out at midbrain

Question 5

Answer 5

-Trochelar

Comes out of midbrain and right before trigeminal

Question 6

Answer 6

-Facial nerve (CNVII)

Facial= FIRST after trigeminal (trigeminal= quite obvious)

comes out of pontomedullary junction but more medial

Question 7

Answer 7

-vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)

runs really close to facial nerve

comes out of pentomedullary junction

Question 8

Answer 8

glossopharyngeal

-first nerve to exit the medulla

Question 9

Answer 9

Vagus

-exits the medulla

Question 10

Answer 10

hypoglossal

-exits the medulla

Question 11

Answer 11

spinal accessory nerve

Question 12

injury to hypoglossal what?

Answer 12

Hypoglossal= motor

Tongue deviates TOWARDS lesion

hypoglossal= come Here = towards the lesion

Question 13

pathway of spinal accessory nerve?

Answer 13

Orginates C1-C6

comes up the formaen magnum and out of the jugular formaen

Question 14

injury to spinal accessory nerve what?

Answer 14

spinal accessory= motor

innervates sternocleidomastoid + trapezius

Question 15

which formane does the vagus nerve exit?

Answer 15

Jugular foramen

Question 16

injury to vagus nerve?

Answer 16

Uvula will deviate AWAY from injury
Vagus= Ventures/ deViate?

also:
Sensory:
* Tactile sense, pain and temperature from pharynx, larynx, trachea, oesophagus, abdominal viscera
Special Sensory:
* Taste to epiglottis
Motor:
* Majority of muscles of the pharynx, soft palate and larynx
Parasympathetic:
* Smooth muscle of trachea, bronchi and GI tract (up to splenic fixture)
Regulates heart rhythm

Question 17

injury to glossopharyngeal what?

Answer 17

loss of gag reflex

cant taste posterior 1/3 of tongue

also innervates parotid gland (parasympathetic) and so no lacrimation will occur

Question 18

trochlear nerve injury sign?

Answer 18

Vertical diplopia (patient may have head tilt)

innervates superior oblique muscle- responsible for inferiolateral rotation of the eye

Question 19

clinical sign- damage to optic nerve?

Answer 19

vision loss

compression can cause RAPD

Question 20

clinical sign- damage to oculomotor?

Answer 20

motor: down and out also ptosis
parasympathetic: pupillary

motor fibres are on inside of nerve
parasympathetic fibres on outside of nerve
-any compression from tumour/ midline shift will cause parasympathetic fibres to be compressed damaging the parasympathetic and causing pupil dilatation