Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerve I (function)

A

Olfactory: smell (olfaction)

SENSORY

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve II (function)

A

Optic: Visual activity (accuracy of sight, not interpretation of visual info)
SENSORY

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve III (function)

A

Oculomotor: extraocular eye movements; controls eyeball movements up, down, medially, laterally, and downward deviation
MOTOR

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve IV (function)

A

Trochlear: extraocular eye movements; responsible for downward and lateral eyeball movements
MOTOR

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve V (function)

A

Trigeminal:

i. Sensory: mediates sensation (pain, temperature, and discriminative touch) of the face, head, cornea of the eye, and inner oral cavity (the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular regions)
ii. Motor: innervates the jaw muscles that control chewing

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve VI (function)

A

Abducens: extraocular eye movements; responsible for lateral deviation of the eyeball (looking laterally)
MOTOR

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve VII (function)

A

Facial:

i. Sensory: innervates the taste receptors on the anterior tongue
ii. Motor: innervates muscles of facial expression, muscles for eyelid closing, stapedius muscle (controls the stapes of the middle ear)

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII (function)

A

Vestibulococholear:
i. Auditory Branch: transmits sensory impulses that result from the vibrations of the fluid in the cochlea; function = hearing
ii. Vestibular Branch: receives sensory stimulation from the semicircular canals of the inner ear; concerned with balance and the sensations of vertigo (dizziness); functions = balance, equilibrium, and the position of the head in space
SENSORY

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve IX (function)

A

Glossopharyngeal:

i. Sensory: taste on posterior aspect of the tongue
ii. Motor: swallowing

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve X (function)

A

Vagus:
i. Visceral Branches (carries both sensory and motor info): Sensory carries taste info from the palate and epiglottis; Motor carries parasympathetic info to and from the heart, pulmonary system, esophagus, and GI tract
ii. Skeletal Muscle Branches (carry motor info): Carries motor info to the muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and upper esophagus (muscles responsible for swallowing and speaking)
BOTH

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve XI (function)

A

Accessory: Controls elevation of the larynx during swallowing; Innervation of SCM muscle allows: Head Rotation to contralateral side, Head flexion/extension;
Innervation of the upper trapezius muscle allows for: Shoulder elevation & shoulder flexion above 90 degrees
MOTOR

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve XII (function)

A

Hypoglossal: innervates the muscle of the tongue (responsible for tongue movement)
MOTOR

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13
Q

CN I (clinical signs)

A

-Loss of Smell

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14
Q

CN II (clinical signs)

A
  • Abnormal Pupil Size
  • Loss of Vision
  • seeing rainbows/Halos
  • visual field loss
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15
Q

CN III (clinical signs)

A
  • Outward & Down ward Rotation of the Eye
  • Double Vision
  • Dilated Pupil
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16
Q

CN IV (clinical signs)

A
  • Weakness with downward eye movements
  • Double Vision
  • limited convergence
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17
Q

CN V (clinical signs)

A
  • Stabbing, Shooting, Shocking, or Burning in the Face: cheek, jaw, teeth, gums, lips, eyes, forehead
  • weakness and wasting of jaw muscles
  • jaw deviates towards involved side (mandibular branch)
  • asymmetric chewing (if damage is unilateral)
  • impaired cutaneous and proprioceptive sensation from face and mouth
  • no blink reflex when cornea is touched (ophthalmic branch)
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18
Q

CN VI (clinical signs)

A
  • Double Vision
  • Affected Eye pulled toward the Midline
  • Tilting/Rotating of Head
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19
Q

CN VII (clinical signs)

A
  • Difficulty keeping food/drink in mouth
  • concerns with making sounds that require lip movement
  • reduction in muscle tone in the face
  • paralysis or paresis of ipsilateral muscles of facial expression
  • can’t taste
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20
Q

CN VIII (clinical signs)

A
  • Hearing Loss
  • Vertigo
  • False Sense of Motion
21
Q

CN IX (clinical signs)

A
  • Concerns with gag/swallow reflex (afferent)
  • Impairment of Taste
  • Parotid Gland Dysfunction
  • sensation absent at neck
  • senses carotid BP
22
Q

CN X (clinical signs)

A
  • Difficulty Speaking
  • Loss of Voice
  • Difficulty Drinking
  • Abnormal HR and/or BP (senses aortic)
  • Concerns with gag and swallow reflex (efferent)
23
Q

CN XI (clinical signs)

A
  • Shoulder Pain
  • Winging of Shoulder Blades
  • swallowing concerns
24
Q

CN XII (clinical signs)

A
  • Weakness of the Tongue
  • Difficulty Speaking
  • tongue deviated to side of damage (if unilateral)
25
CN XII (behavioral observation)
-Slurred Words or Jumbled Speech
26
CN XI (behavioral observation)
-Weakness and pain in the shoulder area
27
CN X (behavioral observation)
- Disinterest in Food - Choking while drinking - Dizziness - Complaints of an Upset Stomach
28
CN IX (behavioral observation)
- Disinterest in Food - Choking while eating - finds food poorly prepared - can’t feel cold hands on one side of neck
29
CN VIII (behavioral observation)
- Dizziness - Feeling Drunk - Headaches - Asking for someone to repeat the question - trouble locating sound
30
CN VII (behavioral observation)
- Weight Loss - Food/Drink Spilled on Clothes (lips won’t close) - Speech Difficulties (due to lack of lip movement) - one side of face is droopy - inability to make facial expressions
31
CN VI (behavioral observation)
- Headaches - Neckaches - Difficulty when Reading
32
CN V (behavioral observation)
- Finds it hard to chew - Difficulty applying makeup evenly - facial pain
33
CN IV (behavioral observation)
- Headaches - Difficulty Reading - Bumping into objects when walking
34
CN III (behavioral observation)
- Headaches from light sensitivity - Difficulty Reading - Seeing two
35
CN II (behavioral observation)
- Difficulty when reading or driving - Bumping into things - tunnel vision - colors seem dull
36
CN I (behavioral observation)
- Disinterest in eating or drinking. | - Inability to smell flowers, smoke, etc.
37
CN I (location)
Information comes from the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract
38
CN II (location)
comes from the optic bulb
39
CN III (location)
midbrain
40
CN IV (location)
midbrain
41
CN V (location)
pons (upper)
42
CN VI (location)
pons (middle)
43
CN VII (location)
pons (middle)
44
CN VIII (location)
pons (lower)
45
CN IX (location)
medulla (upper)
46
CN X (location)
medulla (middle)
47
CN XI (location)
medulla (lower)
48
CN XII (location)
medulla (lower)