Cranial Nerves 1 Flashcards
What are the 7 modalities?
- General somatic efferent (orbital and tongue muscles)
- Special visceral efferent (muscles of pharyngeal arches)
- General visceral efferent (eye, saliva, heart, lung, gut, parasympathetic)
- General visceral afferent
- Special visceral afferent (taste)
- General somatic afferent
- Special somatic afferent (sight, hearing, balance)
What is the function of the Olfactory nerve CN I?
Sense of smell/olfaction (special visceral afferent)
What is the function of the Optic nerve CN II?
Sense of sight/vision
special somatic afferent
What is the function of the Oculomotor nerve CN III?
PRIMARY:
Motor: eye movements
(general somatic efferent)
ADDITIONAL: parasympathetic (general visceral efferent)
What is the function of the Trochlear nerve CN IV?
Motor: eye movements (general somatic efferent)
What is the function of the Trigeminal nerve CN V?
PRIMARY:
Sensation: head and cavities
(general somatic afferent)
Motor: muscles of mastication
(special visceral effent)
ADDITIONAL:
Carrier of autonomic fibres
What is the function of the Abducens nerve CN VI?
Motor: eye movements (general somatic efferent)
What is the function of the Facial and Nerves Intermedius CN VII?
PRIMARY:
Motor: muscles of facial expression (special visceral efferent)
ADDITIONAL:
Parasympathetic (general visceral efferent)
Anterior 2/3 Taste/Gustation
(special visceral afferent)
What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII?
Hearing and balance
special somatic afferent
What is the function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX?
PRIMARY:
General sensation: (posterior 1/3) tongue and oropharynx
(general somatic afferent)
ADDITIONAL:
Parasympathetic (general visceral efferent)
Posterior 1/3 Taste/Gustation (special visceral afferent)
What is the function of the Vagus nerve CN X?
PRIMARY:
General sensation: pharynx and larynx
(general somatic afferent)
Parasympathetic heart, lungs, GI tract (general visceral efferent)
ADDITIONAL:
Motor to pharynx and larynx
(special visceral efferent)
What is the function of the Spinal accessory nerve CN XI?
Motor: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
(special visceral efferent/general somatic efferent)
*ongoing debate
What is the function of the Hypoglossal nerve CN XII?
Motor: tongue (general somatic efferent
Where on the base of the skull does the Olfactory nerve (CN I) pass through?
Cribriform plate foramina
Where on the base of the skull does the Optic nerve (CN II) pass through?
Optic canal
Where on the base of the skull does the Oculomotor nerve (CN III) pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
Where on the base of the skull does the Trochlear nerve (CN IV) pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
Where on the base of the skull does the Trigeminal nerve (CN V) pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Where on the base of the skull does the Abducens nerve (CN VI) pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
Where on the base of the skull does the Facial nerve (CN VII) pass through?
Internal acoustic meatus
Where on the base of the skull does the Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) pass through?
Internal acoustic meatus
Where on the base of the skull does the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) pass through?
Jugular foramen
Where on the base of the skull does the Vagus nerve (CN X) pass through?
Jugular foramen
Where on the base of the skull does the Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) pass through?
Jugular foramen
Where on the base of the skull does the Hypoglossal (CN XII) pass through?
Hypoglossal canal
Where is the oculomotor nuclei located?
In the mid brain
Where is the trochlear nuclei located?
In the mid brain
Where does the abducens nuclei located?
In the pons
What modalities are the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerve associated with?
General somatic efferent
What vessels does the CN III (oculomotor) nerve pass between? What is the clinical significance?
Passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries before lying close to the posterior communicating artery.
Aneurysms of those vessels may compress CN III
What does CN III innervate?
- Extraocular muscles: medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus
- Levator palpebrae superioris
- Parasympathetic from Edinger-Westphal nucleus
- Sympathetic from the carotid plexus to supply the smooth muscle component of elevator palpebrae superioris
What does CN IV innervate?
- Superior oblique (turcs the eye downward and laterally)
What does CN VI innervate?
- Lateral rectus (to abduct the eye)
What nerves are associated with the ciliary ganglion?
- Parasympathetics coming from Edinger-Westphal nucleus via CN III will synapse
- Sympathetics coming from the carotid plexus will pass through
What are the symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?
- Miosis (constriction of pupil)
- Ptosis (droopy eyelid)
- Anhydrosis
- Flushed face
- directly related to actions of sympathetic chain
