Cranial nerve parasympathetic pathways

Question 1

Where are preganglionic cell bodies located for the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 1

accessory oculomotor nucleus in the periaqueductal grey

Question 2

What is the pathway of the preganglionic oculomotor nerve?

Answer 2

follow path of oculomotor into the orbit and synapse in ciliary ganglion

Question 3

What is the pathway of the postganglionic oculomotor nerve?

Answer 3

carried in short ciliary nerves that enter the eyeball to supply two muscles

Question 4

What two muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?

Answer 4

ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

Question 5

Where are preganglionic cell bodies located for the facial nerve?

Answer 5

superior part of the salivary nucleus

Question 6

When the preganglionic cell bodies of the facial nerve exit the CNS, what is the nerve called? What branches does it split into?

Answer 6

the nerve is called the intermediate nerve, splits into the greater petrosal nerve and chorda tympani

Question 7

Where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve?

Answer 7

at the geniculate ganglion

Question 8

What does the greater petrosal nerve carry? Where?

Answer 8

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers anteriorward through the hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve

then re-enters the petrous part of the temporal bone through the foramen lacerum, in the pterygoid canal where it joins the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 9

What fibers does the chorda tympani carry? Where?

Answer 9

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers through the tympanic cavity, leaves temporal bone through pterygotympanic fissure

Question 10

What nerve does the chorda tympani combine with after it leaves through the pterygotympanic fissure?

Answer 10

lingual nerve (mandibular division of trigeminal)

Question 11

The preganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani leave the lingual branch to reach what ganglion?

Answer 11

submandibular ganglion

Question 12

Where are postganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve distributed to?

Answer 12

in lacrimal and pterygopalatine enrves to reach lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal branches

Question 13

Where are postganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani taken to?

Answer 13

travel to the submandibular and sublingual glands,

glands in the mucous membranes of oral cavity and lingual glands on anterior tongue (from submandibular gland)

Question 14

Preganglionic cell bodies are located in what nucleus?

Answer 14

inferior part of the salivary nucleus

Question 15

Preganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve are carried in what nerve?

Answer 15

tympanic nerve

Question 16

Where does the tympanic nerve come off of?

Answer 16

the glossopharyngeal nerve at the inferior ganglion

Question 17

Fibers from the inferior ganglion via glossopharyngeal nerve are carried where?

Answer 17

through tympanic canaliculus into tympanic cavity

Question 18

The tympanic receives what fibers in the tympanic cavity? From what ganglion?

Answer 18

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion to form the tympanic plexus

Question 19

Once they leave the tympanic plexus, what nerve do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers make? Where does it travel?

Answer 19

they make the lesser petrosal nerve and leave through the lesser petrosal canal to the otic ganglion

Question 20

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from what ganglion are carried where? (glossopharyngeal nerve)

Answer 20

otic ganglion, carried to parotid and posterior lingual glands

Question 21

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers each the parotid gland via what nerve?

Answer 21

auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular division of trigeminal)

Question 22

The posterior lingual glands receive postganglionic fibers through what nerve?

Answer 22

lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 23

What are the special afferents of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 23

special sensory (taste) fibers from the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
carotid sinus from baroreceptors
chemoreceptors in carotid body

Question 24

Preganglionic cells of the vagus nerve are located where?

Answer 24

dorsal nucleus of the vagus

Question 25

What does the vagus nerve ultimately supply?

Answer 25

smooth muscles of bronchial tree, digestive tract, gall bladder and bile ducts, myocardium and pancreas, liver and spleen

Question 26

Postganglionic cells are usually located in what (vagus nerve)?

Answer 26

organs it supplies or blood vessels that supply the organs (myocardium, submucosal plexus, myenteric plexus)

Question 27

Describe the pathway to the heart for the vagus nerve.

Answer 27

preganglionic fibers carried in superior and inferior cardiac nerves synapse in cardiac plexus at base of heart and wall of heart postganglionic fibers carried to sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle to reach subendocardial branches (purkinje fibers)

Question 28

Postganglionic fibers for the heart (vagus nerve) are carried where?

Answer 28

sinoatiral node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle to reach subendocardial branches

Question 29

Parasympathetic impulses to the heart will do what?

Answer 29

inhibit myocardium and constrict coronary arteries

Question 30

Describe the pathway to the lungs (vagus nerve).

Answer 30

preganglionic fibers are carried in the anterior and posterior bronchial branches synapse in the pulmonary plexuses surrounding bronchial tree postganglionic fibers reach bronchial musculature and bronchial glands

Question 31

Parasympathetic impulses to the lungs will do what?

Answer 31

constriction of the bronchial tree and increase secretions of bronchial glands

Question 32

Parasympathetic impulses to the lungs can become a problem for those with what condition?

Answer 32

asthma

Question 33

Describe the pathway to the esophagus (vagus nerve).

Answer 33

preganglionic fibers are carried in the recurrent laryngeal nerve and anterior and posterior esophageal branches synapses occur on wall of esophagus postganglionic fibers supply smooth muscle fibers of esophagus

Question 34

Preganglionic fibers are carried in what nerves to get to the esophagus (vagus nerve)?

Answer 34

recurrent laryngeal nerve, anterior and posterior esophageal plexuses

Question 35

The upper 1/3 of the esophagus is innervated by what?

Answer 35

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 36

Describe the pathway to the stomach (vagus nerve)

Answer 36

preganglionic fibers reach the stomach via anterior and posterior vagal trunks synapses in submucosal (Meissner's) and myenteric (Auerbach) plexus postganglionic axons reach the smooth muscle from the plexuses

Question 37

Parasympathetic impulses to the stomach will do what?

Answer 37

contraction of smooth muscle and secretion of gastric juices

Question 38

How do preganglionic fibers get to the small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending and transverse colon (generally)?

Answer 38

preganglionic fibers travel there through posterior vagal trunk

Question 39

Preganglionic fibers reach the duodenum via what plexus?

Answer 39

celiac

Question 40

Preganglionic fibers reach the other parts (besides duodenum) via what plexus?

Answer 40

celiac plexus and continuing through the superior mesenteric plexus

Question 41

Where do synapses from preganglionic to postganglionic occur for most of the digestive system?

Answer 41

submucosal and myenteric plexuses

Question 42

Postganglionic axons reach what kind of fibers (digestive system, vagus nerve)?

Answer 42

smooth muscle from submucosal and myenteric plexuses

Question 43

What kind of fibers are in the appendix?

Answer 43

visceral afferents

Question 44

Describe the pathway to the gall bladder, pancreas and biliary tree (vagus nerve).

Answer 44

preganglionic fibers reach these organs by hepatic plexus with the hepatic branch of right vagal trunk synapse on muscular walls of gall bladder, biliary tree, and glandular tissue of pancreas postganglionic fibers reach smooth muscle fibers or glands of these organs

Question 45

Parasympathetic stimulation of gall bladder, pancreas and biliary tree does what?

Answer 45

increases smooth muscle activity in the gall bladder and biliary vessels secretomotor for pancreatic glands

Question 46

Describe the pathway to the spleen (vagus nerve).

Answer 46

preganglionic fibers reach the spleen from posterior vagal trunk by way of splenic plexu

Question 47

Splenic plexus is an extension of what plexus?

Answer 47

celiac plexus

Question 48

Describe the pathway to the kidney (vagus nerve).

Answer 48

fibers reach kidney through the renal plexus from posterior vagal trunk

Question 49

Are fibers to the kidneys sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 49

strictly sympathetic, any fibers reaching kidney via parasympathetics are probably visceral afferents

Question 50

Describe the pathway to the liver (vagus nerve).

Answer 50

preganglionic fibers come from anterior vagal trunk mostly | reach liver via hepatic plexus

Question 51

Parasympathetic supply to the liver is primarily what?

Answer 51

afferent

Question 52

Describe the pathway to the suprarenal gland (vagus nerve).

Answer 52

it is afferent and are carried in the posterior vagal trunk like the liver and kidneys

Question 53

Sacral parasympathetic pathways come from where?

Answer 53

Lateral horns of the S2-4

Question 54

Sacral parasympathetic pathway.

Answer 54

Lateral horn of S2-4 Inferior to cauda equina Exit anterior sacral foramina

Question 55

Sacral parasympathetic fibers are carried out pf anterior sacral foramina via what nerves?

Answer 55

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 56

Pelvic splanchnic nerves travel to what plexus?

Answer 56

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 57

What does the inferior hypogastric plexus supply?

Answer 57

Rectum, internal genetalia, base of urinary bladder

Question 58

What kind of fibers are included in the inferior hypogastric plexus?

Answer 58

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 59

What fibers supply the distal digestive tract? (Sacral nerves)

Answer 59

Inferior hypogastric plexus to superior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses

Question 60

Describe the preganglionic pathway of the distal colon. (Sacral nerves)

Answer 60

Inferior hypogastric plexus to reach superior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexus by way of the hypogastric nerve

Question 61

Describe the postganglionic pathway to the distal colon. (Sacral nerves)

Answer 61

Reach distal colon via inferior mesenteric plexus

Question 62

Describe the pathway to the rectum and anus. (Sacral nerves)

Answer 62

Preganglionic fibers get there via inferior hypogastric plexus Postganglionic fibers get there via inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 63

Describe the pathway to the bladder. (Sacral nerves)

Answer 63

Preganglionic fibers travel to inferior hypogastric plexus | Postganglionic fibers reach detrusor muscle via inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 64

What initiates bladder emptying?

Answer 64

Parasympathetic stimulation

Question 65

Somatic supply to what muscle follows the same pathway as the parasympathetics to the bladder?

Answer 65

External urethral sphincter

Question 66

Somatic fibers are stimulated or inhibited to empty bladder?

Answer 66

Inhibited

Question 67

Describe pathway to prostate gland and seminal vesicle.

Answer 67

Preganglionic fibers reach the prostatic plexus via inferior hypogastric plexus