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PNS Exam 4 > Cranial nerve parasympathetic pathways > Flashcards

Cranial nerve parasympathetic pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Where are preganglionic cell bodies located for the oculomotor nerve?

A

accessory oculomotor nucleus in the periaqueductal grey

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2
Q

What is the pathway of the preganglionic oculomotor nerve?

A

follow path of oculomotor into the orbit and synapse in ciliary ganglion

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3
Q

What is the pathway of the postganglionic oculomotor nerve?

A

carried in short ciliary nerves that enter the eyeball to supply two muscles

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4
Q

What two muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?

A

ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

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5
Q

Where are preganglionic cell bodies located for the facial nerve?

A

superior part of the salivary nucleus

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6
Q

When the preganglionic cell bodies of the facial nerve exit the CNS, what is the nerve called? What branches does it split into?

A

the nerve is called the intermediate nerve, splits into the greater petrosal nerve and chorda tympani

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7
Q

Where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve?

A

at the geniculate ganglion

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8
Q

What does the greater petrosal nerve carry? Where?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers anteriorward through the hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve

then re-enters the petrous part of the temporal bone through the foramen lacerum, in the pterygoid canal where it joins the pterygopalatine ganglion

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9
Q

What fibers does the chorda tympani carry? Where?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers through the tympanic cavity, leaves temporal bone through pterygotympanic fissure

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10
Q

What nerve does the chorda tympani combine with after it leaves through the pterygotympanic fissure?

A

lingual nerve (mandibular division of trigeminal)

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11
Q

The preganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani leave the lingual branch to reach what ganglion?

A

submandibular ganglion

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12
Q

Where are postganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve distributed to?

A

in lacrimal and pterygopalatine enrves to reach lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal branches

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13
Q

Where are postganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani taken to?

A

travel to the submandibular and sublingual glands,

glands in the mucous membranes of oral cavity and lingual glands on anterior tongue (from submandibular gland)

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14
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies are located in what nucleus?

A

inferior part of the salivary nucleus

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15
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve are carried in what nerve?

A

tympanic nerve

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16
Q

Where does the tympanic nerve come off of?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve at the inferior ganglion

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17
Q

Fibers from the inferior ganglion via glossopharyngeal nerve are carried where?

A

through tympanic canaliculus into tympanic cavity

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18
Q

The tympanic receives what fibers in the tympanic cavity? From what ganglion?

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion to form the tympanic plexus

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19
Q

Once they leave the tympanic plexus, what nerve do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers make? Where does it travel?

A

they make the lesser petrosal nerve and leave through the lesser petrosal canal to the otic ganglion

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20
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from what ganglion are carried where? (glossopharyngeal nerve)

A

otic ganglion, carried to parotid and posterior lingual glands

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21
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers each the parotid gland via what nerve?

A

auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular division of trigeminal)

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22
Q

The posterior lingual glands receive postganglionic fibers through what nerve?

A

lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

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23
Q

What are the special afferents of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

special sensory (taste) fibers from the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
carotid sinus from baroreceptors
chemoreceptors in carotid body

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24
Q

Preganglionic cells of the vagus nerve are located where?

A

dorsal nucleus of the vagus

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25
Q

What does the vagus nerve ultimately supply?

A

smooth muscles of bronchial tree, digestive tract, gall bladder and bile ducts, myocardium and pancreas, liver and spleen

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26
Q

Postganglionic cells are usually located in what (vagus nerve)?

A

organs it supplies or blood vessels that supply the organs (myocardium, submucosal plexus, myenteric plexus)

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27
Q

Describe the pathway to the heart for the vagus nerve.

A

preganglionic fibers carried in superior and inferior cardiac nerves
synapse in cardiac plexus at base of heart and wall of heart
postganglionic fibers carried to sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle to reach subendocardial branches (purkinje fibers)

28
Q

Postganglionic fibers for the heart (vagus nerve) are carried where?

A

sinoatiral node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle to reach subendocardial branches

29
Q

Parasympathetic impulses to the heart will do what?

A

inhibit myocardium and constrict coronary arteries

30
Q

Describe the pathway to the lungs (vagus nerve).

A

preganglionic fibers are carried in the anterior and posterior bronchial branches
synapse in the pulmonary plexuses surrounding bronchial tree
postganglionic fibers reach bronchial musculature and bronchial glands

31
Q

Parasympathetic impulses to the lungs will do what?

A

constriction of the bronchial tree and increase secretions of bronchial glands

32
Q

Parasympathetic impulses to the lungs can become a problem for those with what condition?

A

asthma

33
Q

Describe the pathway to the esophagus (vagus nerve).

A

preganglionic fibers are carried in the recurrent laryngeal nerve and anterior and posterior esophageal branches
synapses occur on wall of esophagus
postganglionic fibers supply smooth muscle fibers of esophagus

34
Q

Preganglionic fibers are carried in what nerves to get to the esophagus (vagus nerve)?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve, anterior and posterior esophageal plexuses

35
Q

The upper 1/3 of the esophagus is innervated by what?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

36
Q

Describe the pathway to the stomach (vagus nerve)

A

preganglionic fibers reach the stomach via anterior and posterior vagal trunks
synapses in submucosal (Meissner’s) and myenteric (Auerbach) plexus
postganglionic axons reach the smooth muscle from the plexuses

37
Q

Parasympathetic impulses to the stomach will do what?

A

contraction of smooth muscle and secretion of gastric juices

38
Q

How do preganglionic fibers get to the small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending and transverse colon (generally)?

A

preganglionic fibers travel there through posterior vagal trunk

39
Q

Preganglionic fibers reach the duodenum via what plexus?

A

celiac

40
Q

Preganglionic fibers reach the other parts (besides duodenum) via what plexus?

A

celiac plexus and continuing through the superior mesenteric plexus

41
Q

Where do synapses from preganglionic to postganglionic occur for most of the digestive system?

A

submucosal and myenteric plexuses

42
Q

Postganglionic axons reach what kind of fibers (digestive system, vagus nerve)?

A

smooth muscle from submucosal and myenteric plexuses

43
Q

What kind of fibers are in the appendix?

A

visceral afferents

44
Q

Describe the pathway to the gall bladder, pancreas and biliary tree (vagus nerve).

A

preganglionic fibers reach these organs by hepatic plexus with the hepatic branch of right vagal trunk

synapse on muscular walls of gall bladder, biliary tree, and glandular tissue of pancreas

postganglionic fibers reach smooth muscle fibers or glands of these organs

45
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of gall bladder, pancreas and biliary tree does what?

A

increases smooth muscle activity in the gall bladder and biliary vessels

secretomotor for pancreatic glands

46
Q

Describe the pathway to the spleen (vagus nerve).

A

preganglionic fibers reach the spleen from posterior vagal trunk by way of splenic plexu

47
Q

Splenic plexus is an extension of what plexus?

A

celiac plexus

48
Q

Describe the pathway to the kidney (vagus nerve).

A

fibers reach kidney through the renal plexus from posterior vagal trunk

49
Q

Are fibers to the kidneys sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

strictly sympathetic, any fibers reaching kidney via parasympathetics are probably visceral afferents

50
Q

Describe the pathway to the liver (vagus nerve).

A

preganglionic fibers come from anterior vagal trunk mostly

reach liver via hepatic plexus

51
Q

Parasympathetic supply to the liver is primarily what?

A

afferent

52
Q

Describe the pathway to the suprarenal gland (vagus nerve).

A

it is afferent and are carried in the posterior vagal trunk like the liver and kidneys

53
Q

Sacral parasympathetic pathways come from where?

A

Lateral horns of the S2-4

54
Q

Sacral parasympathetic pathway.

A

Lateral horn of S2-4
Inferior to cauda equina
Exit anterior sacral foramina

55
Q

Sacral parasympathetic fibers are carried out pf anterior sacral foramina via what nerves?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

56
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves travel to what plexus?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

57
Q

What does the inferior hypogastric plexus supply?

A

Rectum, internal genetalia, base of urinary bladder

58
Q

What kind of fibers are included in the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic

59
Q

What fibers supply the distal digestive tract? (Sacral nerves)

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus to superior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses

60
Q

Describe the preganglionic pathway of the distal colon. (Sacral nerves)

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus to reach superior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexus by way of the hypogastric nerve

61
Q

Describe the postganglionic pathway to the distal colon. (Sacral nerves)

A

Reach distal colon via inferior mesenteric plexus

62
Q

Describe the pathway to the rectum and anus. (Sacral nerves)

A

Preganglionic fibers get there via inferior hypogastric plexus
Postganglionic fibers get there via inferior hypogastric plexus

63
Q

Describe the pathway to the bladder. (Sacral nerves)

A

Preganglionic fibers travel to inferior hypogastric plexus

Postganglionic fibers reach detrusor muscle via inferior hypogastric plexus

64
Q

What initiates bladder emptying?

A

Parasympathetic stimulation

65
Q

Somatic supply to what muscle follows the same pathway as the parasympathetics to the bladder?

A

External urethral sphincter

66
Q

Somatic fibers are stimulated or inhibited to empty bladder?

A

Inhibited

67
Q

Describe pathway to prostate gland and seminal vesicle.

A

Preganglionic fibers reach the prostatic plexus via inferior hypogastric plexus

PNS Exam 4 (3 decks)

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