Cranial Nerve

Question 1

Lesion to this nerve causes ansomia

Answer 1

I-Olfactory

Question 2

List three optic nerve lesions and explain.

Answer 2

1. Glaucoma-peripheral vision loss
2. Optic neuritis-inflammation of optic nerve (MS)
3. Optic nerve atrophy- damage to optic nerve due to poor blood flow to the eye, disease, trauma, or exposure to toxins

Question 3

A patient is unable to open their eye due to inability to raise their eyelid. What is the cause of this? What is this condition called?

Answer 3

Damage to CN III

Ptosis

Question 4

Completely closed eyelid and deviation of eye outward and downward. What type of palsy is this? What muscles are impaired?

Answer 4

CN III Palsy “Down and Out”

medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique

Question 5

What type of palsy results in patient tilting their head towards the unaffected side to compensate for lack of medial rotation? What muscle is paralized?

Answer 5

CN IV Palsy “Up and Out”

Superior oblique (depression, abduction, and medial rotation are not present)

Question 6

Results in the inability to turn eye outward. Which muscle is effected?

Answer 6

CN VI Palsy “Adducted”

Lateral rectus

Question 7

What part of facial movement will be loss if only cranial nerve is involved?

Answer 7

Upper and lower face

Question 8

What part of facial movement will be loss if a stroke is present

Answer 8

Lower face

Question 9

Which cranial nerves connect to the medulla?

Answer 9

9, 10, 12

Question 10

Which cranial nerves connect to the pons?

Answer 10

5,6,7,8

Question 11

Which cranial nerves connect with midbrain?

Answer 11

3,4

Question 12

Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and equilibrium?

Answer 12

8, vestibulocochlear

Question 13

Which cranial nerve is responsible for intrinsic tongue movement?

Answer 13

12, Hypoglossal

Question 14

Which cranial nerve is responsible for smell?

Answer 14

1, Olfactory

Question 15

Which cranial nerve is responsible for abduction of the eye?

Answer 15

6, Abducens

Question 16

Which cranial nerves is responsible for head turning and elevation of the shoulders?

Answer 16

11, Accessory

Question 17

Which cranial nerve is responsible for lacrimation and salivation?

Answer 17

7, Facial

Question 18

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

Answer 18

2, Optic

Question 19

Which cranial nerves are responsible for eye movement?

Answer 19

3, Occulomotor
4, Trochlear
6, Abducens

Question 20

Which cranial nerve is responsible for pharyngeal muscles?

Answer 20

9, Glossopharyngeal

Question 21

Which cranial nerve is responsible for muscles of mastication?

Answer 21

5, Trigeminal

Question 22

Which cranial nerve controls the larynx?

Answer 22

10, Vagus

Question 23

Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupil constriction?

Answer 23

3, Occulomotor

Question 24

Which cranial nerve plays a role in heart function?

Answer 24

10, vagus

Question 25

What sensation does not travel through the thalamus?

Answer 25

Olfactory

Question 26

What muscles are controlled my cranial nerve 3?

Answer 26

``` superior medial inferior rectus inferior oblique levator palpebrae pupillary sphincter Ciliary muscle ```

Question 27

What directions does the superior oblique move the eye?

Answer 27

depression, medial rotation, and abduction

Question 28

What directions does the inferior oblique move the eye?

Answer 28

elevation, lateral rotation, and abduction

Question 29

What nucleus is responsible for constricting pupil and contracting muscles of lens of the eye? Which cranial nerve?

Answer 29

Parasympathetic nucleus aka Edinger Westphal CN III

Question 30

What is the only cranial nerve to exit dorsally?

Answer 30

IV Trochlear

Question 31

Name the reflex and CNs associated: shine light in eye and get constriction (ipsilateral neural connections)

Answer 31

Pupillary Reflex CN II afferent, CN III efferent

Question 32

Name the reflex and CNs associated: shine light in eye and get constriction in opposite eye (crossing connections)

Answer 32

Consensual Reflex CN II afferent, CN III efferent

Question 33

Name the reflex and CNs associated: the pupil constricts, eyes converge and lens becomes more concave in order to see near targets

Answer 33

Accommodation Reflex CN II, III

Question 34

What interconnects nucleus of CN 3, 4, and 6 and coordinates so that they move together during horizontal gaze?

Answer 34

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

Question 35

Name the Trigeminal Nerve Nuclei and their responsibilities.

Answer 35

Mesencephalic- sensory (proprioception from mastication) Main Sensory- light touch Spinal- fast pain Motor- muscles of mastication

Question 36

Name the Facial nerve nuclei and their responsibilities.

Answer 36

Facial Nucleus- motor fibers Superior Salivatory N- parasympathetic in controlling salivation. Does anyone remember if saliva thickens or thins with parasympathetic? Solitary Nucleus: Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue Spinal Nucleus of V: sensory from the ear canal and oral region (larynx, etc)

Question 37

You walk in a room and your patient speaks to you with a cheerful tone. However, the patient is unable to smile on one side or wrinkle their forehead. Would you suspect CN damage or a stroke? Why?

Answer 37

CN damage because CNs are considered peripheral nerves making this a LMN lesion. LMN lesions affect the entire side of the face. Strokes are UMN lesions and will only affect the lower half of the face. The upper face will be spared.

Question 38

Name the Vestibulocochlear Nuclei.

Answer 38

Vestibular: Transmits info related to head position and head movement Superior Medial Lateral Inferior Cochlear: Transmits info related to hearing, labyrinth contains vestibular apparatus and cochlea

Question 39

Which tract receives info from head movement, project bilaterally to cervical and thoracic cord to control upper back and neck muscles?

Answer 39

Medial vestibular tract

Question 40

Name the Glossopharyngeal nuclei and their responsiblities.

Answer 40

Nucleus Ambiguous: efferent for pharyngeal muscles Spinal Nuc of V: sensation to middle ear, pharynx, soft palate Solitary Nuc: taste posterior 1/3 of tongue Salivatory Nuc: Parotid gland (largest salivary gland)

Question 41

Name the Vagus Nuclei and their functions.

Answer 41

Dorsal motor Nuc- Visceral autonomic efferents- Parasympathetic input to heart, lungs, and digestive Solitary Nuc- afferents for taste and visceral organs Nucleus Ambiguous: motor for pharynx, esophageal (swallowing) and larynx (voice) Spinal Nuc of V: sensation from pharynx, meninges, and auditory meatus

Question 42

Name the reflex. tongue blade touches the pharynx causing contractions of pharyngeal muscles

Answer 42

Gag Reflex

Question 43

Name the reflex. something touches the eye and the eyelid closes

Answer 43

Corneal Reflex

Question 44

Name the reflex. a piece of food touches the pharynx causing the soft palate to move and contraction of the throat muscles.

Answer 44

Swallowing Reflex

Question 45

Where does CN 11 originate?

Answer 45

C1-C5

Question 46

If a person is experiencing ipsilateral tongues weakness, would you suspect cortical or nerve damage? If nerve, which nerve?

Answer 46

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 47

If a person has contralateral tongues weakness (deviating away from lesion), would you suspect cortical or nerve damage? If nerve, which nerve?

Answer 47

Cortical lesion

Question 48

Which cranial nerves are associated with speaking and how?

Answer 48

5- motor or jaw 7- Motor of lips 10- Motor or larynx and articulation of soft palate 12- Motor of tongue

Question 49

dysfunction in muscles that produce speech

Answer 49

dysarthria

Question 50

Which cranial nerves are involved in swallowing and how?

Answer 50

5- motor of mm of mastication 7- motor for lips 9- motor for swallowing; afferent for gag and swallow reflex 10- motor for pharynx; efferent limb of gag and swallow reflex 12-motor for intrinsic and extrinsic tongue mm

Question 51

A person is unable to swallow due to poor muscle coordination or weakness. What is this called?

Answer 51

Dysphagia