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Neuroscience Exam 2 > Cranial Nerve > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

Lesion to this nerve causes ansomia

A

I-Olfactory

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2
Q

List three optic nerve lesions and explain.

A
  1. Glaucoma-peripheral vision loss
  2. Optic neuritis-inflammation of optic nerve (MS)
  3. Optic nerve atrophy- damage to optic nerve due to poor blood flow to the eye, disease, trauma, or exposure to toxins
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3
Q

A patient is unable to open their eye due to inability to raise their eyelid. What is the cause of this? What is this condition called?

A

Damage to CN III

Ptosis

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4
Q

Completely closed eyelid and deviation of eye outward and downward. What type of palsy is this? What muscles are impaired?

A

CN III Palsy “Down and Out”

medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique

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5
Q

What type of palsy results in patient tilting their head towards the unaffected side to compensate for lack of medial rotation? What muscle is paralized?

A

CN IV Palsy “Up and Out”

Superior oblique (depression, abduction, and medial rotation are not present)

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6
Q

Results in the inability to turn eye outward. Which muscle is effected?

A

CN VI Palsy “Adducted”

Lateral rectus

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7
Q

What part of facial movement will be loss if only cranial nerve is involved?

A

Upper and lower face

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8
Q

What part of facial movement will be loss if a stroke is present

A

Lower face

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9
Q

Which cranial nerves connect to the medulla?

A

9, 10, 12

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10
Q

Which cranial nerves connect to the pons?

A

5,6,7,8

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11
Q

Which cranial nerves connect with midbrain?

A

3,4

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12
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and equilibrium?

A

8, vestibulocochlear

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13
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for intrinsic tongue movement?

A

12, Hypoglossal

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14
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for smell?

A

1, Olfactory

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15
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for abduction of the eye?

A

6, Abducens

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16
Q

Which cranial nerves is responsible for head turning and elevation of the shoulders?

A

11, Accessory

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17
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for lacrimation and salivation?

A

7, Facial

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18
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

A

2, Optic

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19
Q

Which cranial nerves are responsible for eye movement?

A

3, Occulomotor
4, Trochlear
6, Abducens

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20
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for pharyngeal muscles?

A

9, Glossopharyngeal

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21
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for muscles of mastication?

A

5, Trigeminal

22
Q

Which cranial nerve controls the larynx?

A

10, Vagus

23
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupil constriction?

A

3, Occulomotor

24
Q

Which cranial nerve plays a role in heart function?

A

10, vagus

25
Q

What sensation does not travel through the thalamus?

A

Olfactory

26
Q

What muscles are controlled my cranial nerve 3?

A 
superior
medial
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
levator palpebrae
pupillary sphincter
Ciliary muscle
27
Q

What directions does the superior oblique move the eye?

A

depression, medial rotation, and abduction

28
Q

What directions does the inferior oblique move the eye?

A

elevation, lateral rotation, and abduction

29
Q

What nucleus is responsible for constricting pupil and contracting muscles of lens of the eye? Which cranial nerve?

A

Parasympathetic nucleus aka Edinger Westphal

CN III

30
Q

What is the only cranial nerve to exit dorsally?

A

IV Trochlear

31
Q

Name the reflex and CNs associated:

shine light in eye and get constriction (ipsilateral neural connections)

A

Pupillary Reflex

CN II afferent, CN III efferent

32
Q

Name the reflex and CNs associated:

shine light in eye and get constriction in opposite eye (crossing connections)

A

Consensual Reflex

CN II afferent, CN III efferent

33
Q

Name the reflex and CNs associated:

the pupil constricts, eyes converge and lens becomes more concave in order to see near targets

A

Accommodation Reflex

CN II, III

34
Q

What interconnects nucleus of CN 3, 4, and 6 and coordinates so that they move together during horizontal gaze?

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

35
Q

Name the Trigeminal Nerve Nuclei and their responsibilities.

A

Mesencephalic- sensory (proprioception from mastication)

Main Sensory- light touch

Spinal- fast pain

Motor- muscles of mastication

36
Q

Name the Facial nerve nuclei and their responsibilities.

A

Facial Nucleus- motor fibers

Superior Salivatory N- parasympathetic in controlling salivation. Does anyone remember if saliva thickens or thins with parasympathetic?

Solitary Nucleus: Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Spinal Nucleus of V: sensory from the ear canal and oral region (larynx, etc)

37
Q

You walk in a room and your patient speaks to you with a cheerful tone. However, the patient is unable to smile on one side or wrinkle their forehead. Would you suspect CN damage or a stroke? Why?

A

CN damage because CNs are considered peripheral nerves making this a LMN lesion. LMN lesions affect the entire side of the face.

Strokes are UMN lesions and will only affect the lower half of the face. The upper face will be spared.

38
Q

Name the Vestibulocochlear Nuclei.

A

Vestibular: Transmits info related to head position and head movement

Superior
Medial
Lateral
Inferior

Cochlear: Transmits info related to hearing, labyrinth contains vestibular apparatus and cochlea

39
Q

Which tract receives info from head movement, project bilaterally to cervical and thoracic cord to control upper back and neck muscles?

A

Medial vestibular tract

40
Q

Name the Glossopharyngeal nuclei and their responsiblities.

A

Nucleus Ambiguous: efferent for pharyngeal muscles

Spinal Nuc of V: sensation to middle ear, pharynx, soft palate

Solitary Nuc: taste posterior 1/3 of tongue

Salivatory Nuc: Parotid gland (largest salivary gland)

41
Q

Name the Vagus Nuclei and their functions.

A

Dorsal motor Nuc- Visceral autonomic efferents- Parasympathetic input to heart, lungs, and digestive

Solitary Nuc- afferents for taste and visceral organs

Nucleus Ambiguous: motor for pharynx, esophageal (swallowing) and larynx (voice)

Spinal Nuc of V: sensation from pharynx, meninges, and auditory meatus

42
Q

Name the reflex.

tongue blade touches the pharynx causing contractions of pharyngeal muscles

A

Gag Reflex

43
Q

Name the reflex.

something touches the eye and the eyelid closes

A

Corneal Reflex

44
Q

Name the reflex.

a piece of food touches the pharynx causing the soft palate to move and contraction of the throat muscles.

A

Swallowing Reflex

45
Q

Where does CN 11 originate?

A

C1-C5

46
Q

If a person is experiencing ipsilateral tongues weakness, would you suspect cortical or nerve damage? If nerve, which nerve?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

47
Q

If a person has contralateral tongues weakness (deviating away from lesion), would you suspect cortical or nerve damage? If nerve, which nerve?

A

Cortical lesion

48
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with speaking and how?

A

5- motor or jaw
7- Motor of lips
10- Motor or larynx and articulation of soft palate
12- Motor of tongue

49
Q

dysfunction in muscles that produce speech

A

dysarthria

50
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in swallowing and how?

A

5- motor of mm of mastication

7- motor for lips

9- motor for swallowing; afferent for gag and swallow reflex

10- motor for pharynx; efferent limb of gag and swallow reflex

12-motor for intrinsic and extrinsic tongue mm

51
Q

A person is unable to swallow due to poor muscle coordination or weakness. What is this called?

A

Dysphagia

Neuroscience Exam 2 (5 decks)

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