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Neuroscience Exam 2 > Bony Structure > Flashcards

Bony Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Which Cranial Bones are paired?

A 
Parietal
Temporal
Maxilla
Nasal Bones
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Palatine
Inferior Nasal Concha
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2
Q

Which cranial bones are unpaired?

A 
Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Vomer 
Mandible
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3
Q

What bones unite at Pterion?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Sphenoid

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4
Q

A dural fold that does into the cranium separating L and R hemispheres.

A

Falx Cerebri

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5
Q

Fold that separates the cerebrum from the cerellum.

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

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6
Q

Where is CSF formed?

A

Choroid Plexus

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7
Q

Where does CSF circulate?

A

Subarachnoid space

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8
Q

What structure is found in the subdural space?

A

Bridging veins

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9
Q

What structure is found in the epidural space?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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10
Q

What is the only anatomical space and what is found here?

A

CSF and major arteries

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11
Q

Which brain bleed do you typically see a midline shift?

A

Subdural Hematoma

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12
Q

Which brain bleed looks like a lens on an MRI scan?

A

Epidural Hematoma

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13
Q

Know the flow of CSF.

A

Lateral Ventricle

Foramen of Monro

Third Ventricle

Cerebral Aqueduct

Fourth Ventricle

Foramen of Luschka/Magendie

Subarachnoid Space

Absorbed by Arachnoid Granulation

Returned to blood via dural sinuses

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14
Q

What is the weakest point of the skull called and what bones make up this articulation?

A

Pterion

Frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid

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15
Q

Which layer of meninges is highly vascularized?

A

Pia matter

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16
Q

This is a source of protection formed by endothelial cells and tight junctions between blood vessels in pia matter and the brain

A

Blood Brain Barrier

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17
Q

What blood vessel(s) is damaged in during an epidural hematoma? Is this a fast or slow bleed?

A

middle meningeal artery

fast

18
Q

What blood vessel(s) is damaged in a subdural hematoma? Is this a fast or slow bleed?

A

bridging veins

slow

19
Q

True or false.

Subdural hematomas can occur with little to no trauma

A

True

20
Q

What type of brain injury is sustained from meningeal irritation from blood in CSF?

A

Subarchnoid Hemorrhage

21
Q

Name two examples of subarchnoid hemorrhage.

A

Aneurysm

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

22
Q

A patient is seen in your clinic. Upon arrival, the patient presents with normal vitals and no reports of pain. The patient suddenly reports having the worst headache of their life. What might you suspect?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by aneurysm or AVM

23
Q

Which hematoma puts patients at risk of a delayed cerebral vasospasm of ischemia?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

24
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of a concussion?

A 
headache
dizziness
nausea/vomiting
amnesia
fatigue
photophobia
difficulty concentrating
dazed
25
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus?

A 
headaches
nausea/vomitting
cognitive impairment
frontal lobe deficits
decreased LOC
Impaired vision
CN6 Palsy
unsteady/magnetic gait
incontinence
26
Q

What is a specific sign of hydrocephalus in pediatrics?

A

“setting sun” sign; eyes down and in

27
Q

This is seen just before the brain herniates into the foramen magnum.

A

Cushing’s Triad

28
Q

Cushing’s Triad consist of what features?

A

Systolic hypertension

Bradycardia

Irregular or Decreased Respiration

29
Q

An image shows that the uncus has herniated inferiorly through the tentorial notch. What type of brain herniation is this?

A

Transtentorial Herniation

30
Q

What factors consist in the Transtentorial Herniation triad?

A

Blown pupil

hemiplegia

coma

31
Q

An image shows that the cerebellum has displaced inferiorly through the foramen magnum. What type of herniation is this?

A

Tonsillar Herniation

32
Q

An image shows inferior displacement of the brainstem. What type of herniation is this?

A

Central herniation

33
Q

What is the most severe type of herniation resulting in Cushing’s Triad?

A

Tonsillar Herniation

34
Q

An image shows bilateral uncal herniation. What type of herniation is this?

A

Central herniation

35
Q

An image shows unilateral herniation under the falx cerebri. What type of herniation is this?

A

Subfalcine herniation

36
Q

What is the mildest form of brain herniation which may cause a midline shift?

A

Subfalcine herniation

37
Q

Who generally gets bacterial meningitis?

A

children and adults

38
Q

Who generally gets viral meningitis?

A

Children less than 5

39
Q

True or False

Viral meningitis is more severe than bacterial meningitis.

A

False

40
Q

True or False

Viral meningitis is more common than bacterial meningitis

A

True

41
Q

What are the signs and Symptoms of meningitis?

A 
Headaches
Photophobia
Phonophobia
Lethargy
Fever
Nuchal Rigidity

Neuroscience Exam 2 (5 decks)

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