Bony Structure

Question 1

Which Cranial Bones are paired?

Answer 1

Parietal
Temporal
Maxilla
Nasal Bones
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Palatine
Inferior Nasal Concha

Question 2

Which cranial bones are unpaired?

Answer 2

Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Vomer 
Mandible

Question 3

What bones unite at Pterion?

Answer 3

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Sphenoid

Question 4

A dural fold that does into the cranium separating L and R hemispheres.

Answer 4

Falx Cerebri

Question 5

Fold that separates the cerebrum from the cerellum.

Answer 5

Tentorium Cerebelli

Question 6

Where is CSF formed?

Answer 6

Choroid Plexus

Question 7

Where does CSF circulate?

Answer 7

Subarachnoid space

Question 8

What structure is found in the subdural space?

Answer 8

Bridging veins

Question 9

What structure is found in the epidural space?

Answer 9

Middle meningeal artery

Question 10

What is the only anatomical space and what is found here?

Answer 10

CSF and major arteries

Question 11

Which brain bleed do you typically see a midline shift?

Answer 11

Subdural Hematoma

Question 12

Which brain bleed looks like a lens on an MRI scan?

Answer 12

Epidural Hematoma

Question 13

Know the flow of CSF.

Answer 13

Lateral Ventricle

Foramen of Monro

Third Ventricle

Cerebral Aqueduct

Fourth Ventricle

Foramen of Luschka/Magendie

Subarachnoid Space

Absorbed by Arachnoid Granulation

Returned to blood via dural sinuses

Question 14

What is the weakest point of the skull called and what bones make up this articulation?

Answer 14

Pterion

Frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid

Question 15

Which layer of meninges is highly vascularized?

Answer 15

Pia matter

Question 16

This is a source of protection formed by endothelial cells and tight junctions between blood vessels in pia matter and the brain

Answer 16

Blood Brain Barrier

Question 17

What blood vessel(s) is damaged in during an epidural hematoma? Is this a fast or slow bleed?

Answer 17

middle meningeal artery

fast

Question 18

What blood vessel(s) is damaged in a subdural hematoma? Is this a fast or slow bleed?

Answer 18

bridging veins

slow

Question 19

True or false.

Subdural hematomas can occur with little to no trauma

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What type of brain injury is sustained from meningeal irritation from blood in CSF?

Answer 20

Subarchnoid Hemorrhage

Question 21

Name two examples of subarchnoid hemorrhage.

Answer 21

Aneurysm

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

Question 22

A patient is seen in your clinic. Upon arrival, the patient presents with normal vitals and no reports of pain. The patient suddenly reports having the worst headache of their life. What might you suspect?

Answer 22

Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by aneurysm or AVM

Question 23

Which hematoma puts patients at risk of a delayed cerebral vasospasm of ischemia?

Answer 23

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 24

What are some signs and symptoms of a concussion?

Answer 24

headache
dizziness
nausea/vomiting
amnesia
fatigue
photophobia
difficulty concentrating
dazed

Question 25

What are signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus?

Answer 25

``` headaches nausea/vomitting cognitive impairment frontal lobe deficits decreased LOC Impaired vision CN6 Palsy unsteady/magnetic gait incontinence ```

Question 26

What is a specific sign of hydrocephalus in pediatrics?

Answer 26

"setting sun" sign; eyes down and in

Question 27

This is seen just before the brain herniates into the foramen magnum.

Answer 27

Cushing's Triad

Question 28

Cushing's Triad consist of what features?

Answer 28

Systolic hypertension Bradycardia Irregular or Decreased Respiration

Question 29

An image shows that the uncus has herniated inferiorly through the tentorial notch. What type of brain herniation is this?

Answer 29

Transtentorial Herniation

Question 30

What factors consist in the Transtentorial Herniation triad?

Answer 30

Blown pupil hemiplegia coma

Question 31

An image shows that the cerebellum has displaced inferiorly through the foramen magnum. What type of herniation is this?

Answer 31

Tonsillar Herniation

Question 32

An image shows inferior displacement of the brainstem. What type of herniation is this?

Answer 32

Central herniation

Question 33

What is the most severe type of herniation resulting in Cushing's Triad?

Answer 33

Tonsillar Herniation

Question 34

An image shows bilateral uncal herniation. What type of herniation is this?

Answer 34

Central herniation

Question 35

An image shows unilateral herniation under the falx cerebri. What type of herniation is this?

Answer 35

Subfalcine herniation

Question 36

What is the mildest form of brain herniation which may cause a midline shift?

Answer 36

Subfalcine herniation

Question 37

Who generally gets bacterial meningitis?

Answer 37

children and adults

Question 38

Who generally gets viral meningitis?

Answer 38

Children less than 5

Question 39

True or False Viral meningitis is more severe than bacterial meningitis.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

True or False Viral meningitis is more common than bacterial meningitis

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What are the signs and Symptoms of meningitis?

Answer 41

``` Headaches Photophobia Phonophobia Lethargy Fever Nuchal Rigidity ```