Cranial motion and Cranial strains

Question 1

5 tenets of primary respiratory mechanism

Answer 1

inherent rhythmic motion of brain and spinal cord
fluctuation of CSF
mobility of intracranial and intraspinal membranes
articular mobility of cranial bones
involuntary mobility of sacrum between ilia

Question 2

the dura is continuous with what

Answer 2

periosteum of skull

Question 3

what influence the phsyiologic cranial movements

Answer 3

dural membrane
coiling and uncoiling of CNS
fluctuation CSF

Question 4

what occurs in inhalation to cranium

Answer 4

flexion and external rotation

Question 5

what occurs in exhalation to cranium

Answer 5

extension and internal rotation

Question 6

where is the respiratory axis of the sarcum

Answer 6

2nd sacral segment, transverse axis

Question 7

what is nutation

Answer 7

sacral felxion from spinal and dura core link

the base anteriorly and apex posteriorly

Question 8

what is counternutation

Answer 8

sacral extension. base moves posterosuperioly and apex moves anteriorly towards pubes

Question 9

flexion phase of cranium causes what in sacrum

Answer 9

counternutation

Question 10

what are the midline bones of cranium

Answer 10

sphenoid, occiput, ethmoid, vomer and sacrum

Question 11

what are the paired bones of the cranium

Answer 11

temporals, parietals, frontals, ethmoid, nasals, lacrimals, maxillae, palatines, zygomae, inferior conchae and mandible

Question 12

which bones are moving in the fleixon and extension

Answer 12

midline bones

Question 13

what bones move in the external and internal rotation

Answer 13

paired bones

Question 14

what is normal cranial rhythmic impulse

Answer 14

10-14 fluctuations a minute

Question 15

what are the 2 phases of cranial impulse

Answer 15

flexion- external rotation of paired bones with increase width of head
extension- internal rotation of paired bones with increased length of the head

Question 16

where does flexion of cranial motion move around

Answer 16

rotational around 2 transverse axes
at level of foramen magnum
body of sphenoid

Question 17

SBS motion in flexion

Answer 17

basiocciput and basispehnoid move cephalad and occipital squama and wings of sphenoid move caudally

Question 18

SBS motion in extension

Answer 18

basiocciput and basisphenoid move caudad while occipital squama and wings of sphenoid move cephalad

Question 19

axis in extension cranial motion

Answer 19

rotational around 2 transverse axes
at level of foramen magnum
body of sphenoid

Question 20

what type of cranial strains are there

Answer 20

torsion, sidebending rotation, vertical strain, lateral strain, SBS compression

Question 21

what is cranial torsion

Answer 21

sphenoid and occiput rotate in opposite directions around AP axis

Question 22

how do you name R or L cranial torsion

Answer 22

superior greater wing of sphenoid

Question 23

L index finger moves superior and 5th digit moves inferior

R index finger moves inferior and 5th digit superior

Answer 23

L torsion

Question 24

describe cranial sidebending rotation

Answer 24

sphenoid and occiput rotate opp directions around parallel vertical axes to side bend
bones rotates around AP axis in same direction so on side of SBS convexity
cranium moves inferior

Question 25

how do you name L or R sidebending rotation of cranium

Answer 25

side of SBS convexity and the side that moves inferiorly

Question 26

describe what you feel on sidebending rotation of cranial motion

Answer 26

fingers of one hand spread apart and move inferiorly while on other hand they come together and move superiorly
so R would be R apart and inferior
L together and superior

Question 27

Motion of vertical strain

Answer 27

sphenoid and occiput rotate same direction parallel transverse axes
shearing force of SBS
one bone in flexion other in extension

Question 28

how are vertical strains named

Answer 28

superior and inferior

direction of the base of spenoid

Question 29

describe what you feel in superior vertical strain

Answer 29

index fingers move inferior because sphenoid base moving superiorly
5th digits of hands move superiorly because the occiput is moving inferior

Question 30

what is a lateral strain

Answer 30

sphenoid and occiput rotate in same direction around parallel vertical axes, shearing force at SBS

Question 31

lateral strains are named how

Answer 31

direction the basisphenoid moves

Question 32

describe vault hold for L lateral strain

Answer 32

index fingers shift to right (sphenoid base moves L)

5th digits shift to L (occipital base turns right)

Question 33

What is SBS compression

Answer 33

approximation of sphenoid and occipital bases as they compress along AP axis

Question 34

What do you feel in SBS compression

Answer 34

both hands approximate

assoc with decreased Primary Resp rate

Question 35

What can cause a superior vertical strain

Answer 35

• caudal force centrally over anterior superior frontal bone

- force to superior occiput directed from superior/posterior to anterior

Question 36

what can cause a inferior vertical strain

Answer 36

• caudal force to basisphenoid (like from bregma)
• cephalad force to condylar parts (falling on base of spine)
• caudal force transmitted b/l posterior superior parietal bones or along posterior sagittal surture

Question 37

what can cause SBS compression

Answer 37

force directed along AP axis leading to longitudinal compression of SBS

Question 38

what can cause lateral strains

Answer 38

• lateral- medial force over greater wing of sphenoid pushing them L or R
• lateral-medial force over occiput pushing the posterior occiput L or R

Question 39

what can cause external rotations of temporal bones

Answer 39

• force L mandible in L-R direction causes R externally rotated temporal bone and L internal rotated temporal bone
• traction of one side mandible from dental work can cause internal rotation of ipsilateral side as the traction and external rotation on contra side