Cranial Introduction Anatomy and General Movement Flashcards
who is the founder of cranial osteopathy?
William Garner Sutherland
history of cranial osteopathy
1931
1939
1943
1944
1947
1953
2013
- people though the head did not move
1931: introduction of osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine concepts (blunt bone bill)
1939: techniques to treat cranial dysfunction (the cranial bowl)
1943: presented at osteopathic convention
1944: publishe din JAOA
1947: osteopathic cranial academy estab;ished by his students to provide greater knowledge and research
1953: sutherland cranial teaching foundation
2013: glymphatics was discovered
what are the two definitions of cranial manipulative medicine
- diagnosis and treatment by an osteopathic practitioner using primary respiratory mechanism and balanced ligamentous tension
- system og diagnosis and treatment first described by william G. southerland
prior to sutherland the cranium was considered?
fused with no capacity for movement or dysfunction
what are the 5 anatomical-physiological elements of primary respiratory motion?
there is motility of the brain and spinal cord
the csf fluctuates
the intracranial and intraspinal membranes move
the cranial bones move
the movement between the sacrum and ilium depend on the motion at the SBS
what does “primary” in primary respiratory mechanism mean
cranial motion is a fundamental life process that is it controls all other processes like cellular and lung respiration
what does “respiratory” in primary respiratory mechanism mean
cranial motion has an ebb and flow like the breath (the breath of life)
what does mechanism in primary respiratory mechanism mean
pattern of tissue and fluid movement occur with a purpose
indications for craniosacral treatment
stresses affect the PRM
after birth
trauma (suture overlap)- orthodontics/posture/car accident
dentistry (holding jaw open)
toricolis
plagiocephaly (flat head)
feeding difficulties (compression of cranial nerves 9,10,11)
vertigo
concussion
headache
tmj
tinnitus
mechanical stresses of birth and dural membrance occur during delivery, treatment facilities _ remodeling
persistant suture overlap may result in the bones growing together forming a _
vault
synostosis
side effects of cranial OMM
headache, tinnitus, dizziness
SBS strain treatment may cause an alteration to?
heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and GI tract
absolute contraindications for cranial OMM
acute (24hr) intracranial bleed of CVA
acute skull fracture
relative contraindications for cranial OMM
coagulopathy
seizure history
increased intracranial pressure
**exacerbation of neurologic condition
in the inherent motility of the brain and spinal cord what is the contractile element in the brain
the glial cells which are mobile (have the capacity of moving spontaenously)
csf is produced in the
choroid plexus which is in the ventricles
pumped across the brain and spinal cord
what is the driving force of CSF expansion/movement
cranial ryhtmic impulse (CRI)
what is the rate of CRI
10-14
motion characteristics of the CRI
RRADS
rate: 10-14 bpm
rhytmn: regular/tide of an ocean with some variations
amplitude: amount of movement (mm of movement)- somatic dysfunction may have decreased amplitude
direction: linear and symmetric, in SD it will be assymmetric
strength: good strong motion? does it have vitality, is it weak?
the contiguous dural folds become the _, _ , and _
this gives the mobility of the intracranial membranes
falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
(inside is the venous sinus)
the tentorium and the falx create a _ _ _
reciprocal tension membrane
what is the reciprocal tension membrane (RTM)
this is a functioning unit that holds the bones of the vault and base uunder constant tension
dura is so tough
the RTM allows but limits _
motion
the RTM acts as a _ storing energy in _ and releasing in _
spring
flexion
extension
a study was done in 2018 looking at the brain there were slices done every 45 seconds that revealed _ motions of brain tissue. there was a change in _ but no change in _ of the head
sub-voxel motions
area, widthm heightm feret, major axis
no change in perimeter and minor axis
what are the main poles of attachement for the RTM (reciprocal tension membrane)
frontal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital
the RTM and dura have a signifigant role in _ flow
vascular
the _ sinus runs between the two folds of the dura
sagital sinus
there is also the confluence of sinues, tranverse sinus, and straight sinus is the venous sinus space in between the folds
_ mobility and _ signifigantly impacts the PRM (primary respiratory movement)
fascial
continuity
what are the 4 main fascial layers
pannicular, axial/appendicular, menningial, visceral
what fascial layer includes the dura and surrounds the nervous system
meningeal fascia
there is _ of the fascia from head to toe
continuity
in flexion what does the SBS do
it rises superiorly
distance between the inferior angle of the spenoid and ossiput DECREASES
the head will widen and DECREASE its AP diameter becoming more spherical and increasing total internal volume
cranial inhalation = sbs _
flexion
in SBS extension what happens
the SBS moves inferiorly and the distance INCREASES between the inferior angle of the sphenoid and occiput
greater wing moves superiorly and posteriorly (head tall and narrow)
people die with exhalation
cranial exhalation= sbs _
extension
dura attaches from the _ _ to the posterior body and disc of _ in the spinal canal
foramen magnum
S2
the dura forms the _ _ between the occiput and the sacrum
core link
in cranial flexion _ movement of the occiput creates _ on the duraand the force is translated to the sacrum
superior
traction
in cranail extension the tension is _ and the sacrum _
released
return
sacrum nutation (towards the nuts) is matched with SBS _
extension
sacral extension
base moves:
apex moves:
base: anteriorinferior
apex: posterior
on palpation of the sacrum the sacral body pushes into the palm of the hand
sarcum counternutation is matched with SBS _
flexion
sacrum counternutation
base moves:
apex moves:
base: posterior superior
apex: anterior
on palpation the sacrum pushes into finger tips
what kindof junction is the SBS
a synchondrosis
- hyaline cartilage
midline bones
occiput and sphenoid
midline bones motion
axis
flexion and extension
transverse axis
paired bones movement
internal/external rotation
flexion of the midline bones results in _ of the paired bones
external rotation
flex + external rotation= flexternal rotation
the parietal bone in SBS flexion and SBS extension
SBS flexion: the sagital articulation moves inferiorly and temporal articulation moves laterally (cranium widens)- external rotation
SBS extension: sagital articulation moves superiorly, temporal articulation moves medially (narrows)- internal rotation
the temporal bones axis is?
inferior to the petroud ridge
axis of the frontal bone
motion:
acts like a hinge: 2 vertical axis with a horizontal plane of motion
axes from center of orbital roof through frontal eminence
motion of the frontal bone
glabella motion:
external rotation during sbs flexion: glabella moves posteriorly
internal rotation during SBS extension; glabella moves anteriorly
flexion of the ethmoid - crista galli does what
the crita galli moves superiorly and posterioly
flexion of the ethmoid the crista galli does what
swings inferiorly and anteriorly
vomer motion drives the _ and _
palatine and maxillaries
the vomer follows the _ like the beak of a winged bird
sphenoid
the vomer depresses the _ _ with SBS flexion
hard palate
vomer flexion gives what kind of palate
wide flat palate
vomer extension gives what palate
narrow tall palate
the posterior part of the vomer does what
depresses the palatine and flattens the roof of the mouth
the anterior part of the palatine does what
decesnds to externally rotate the premaxillae
