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ECOS IV > Cranial Introduction Anatomy and General Movement > Flashcards

Cranial Introduction Anatomy and General Movement Flashcards

1
Q

who is the founder of cranial osteopathy?

A

William Garner Sutherland

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2
Q

history of cranial osteopathy

1931

1939

1943

1944

1947

1953

2013

A
  1. people though the head did not move

1931: introduction of osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine concepts (blunt bone bill)

1939: techniques to treat cranial dysfunction (the cranial bowl)

1943: presented at osteopathic convention

1944: publishe din JAOA

1947: osteopathic cranial academy estab;ished by his students to provide greater knowledge and research

1953: sutherland cranial teaching foundation

2013: glymphatics was discovered

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3
Q

what are the two definitions of cranial manipulative medicine

A
  1. diagnosis and treatment by an osteopathic practitioner using primary respiratory mechanism and balanced ligamentous tension
  2. system og diagnosis and treatment first described by william G. southerland
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4
Q

prior to sutherland the cranium was considered?

A

fused with no capacity for movement or dysfunction

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5
Q

what are the 5 anatomical-physiological elements of primary respiratory motion?

A

there is motility of the brain and spinal cord

the csf fluctuates

the intracranial and intraspinal membranes move

the cranial bones move

the movement between the sacrum and ilium depend on the motion at the SBS

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6
Q

what does “primary” in primary respiratory mechanism mean

A

cranial motion is a fundamental life process that is it controls all other processes like cellular and lung respiration

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7
Q

what does “respiratory” in primary respiratory mechanism mean

A

cranial motion has an ebb and flow like the breath (the breath of life)

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8
Q

what does mechanism in primary respiratory mechanism mean

A

pattern of tissue and fluid movement occur with a purpose

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9
Q

indications for craniosacral treatment

A

stresses affect the PRM
after birth
trauma (suture overlap)- orthodontics/posture/car accident
dentistry (holding jaw open)
toricolis
plagiocephaly (flat head)
feeding difficulties (compression of cranial nerves 9,10,11)
vertigo
concussion
headache
tmj
tinnitus

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10
Q

mechanical stresses of birth and dural membrance occur during delivery, treatment facilities _ remodeling

persistant suture overlap may result in the bones growing together forming a _

A

vault

synostosis

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11
Q

side effects of cranial OMM

A

headache, tinnitus, dizziness

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12
Q

SBS strain treatment may cause an alteration to?

A

heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and GI tract

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13
Q

absolute contraindications for cranial OMM

A

acute (24hr) intracranial bleed of CVA

acute skull fracture

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14
Q

relative contraindications for cranial OMM

A

coagulopathy
seizure history
increased intracranial pressure
**exacerbation of neurologic condition

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15
Q

in the inherent motility of the brain and spinal cord what is the contractile element in the brain

A

the glial cells which are mobile (have the capacity of moving spontaenously)

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16
Q

csf is produced in the

A

choroid plexus which is in the ventricles

pumped across the brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

what is the driving force of CSF expansion/movement

A

cranial ryhtmic impulse (CRI)

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18
Q

what is the rate of CRI

A

10-14

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19
Q

motion characteristics of the CRI

A

RRADS

rate: 10-14 bpm

rhytmn: regular/tide of an ocean with some variations

amplitude: amount of movement (mm of movement)- somatic dysfunction may have decreased amplitude

direction: linear and symmetric, in SD it will be assymmetric

strength: good strong motion? does it have vitality, is it weak?

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20
Q

the contiguous dural folds become the _, _ , and _

this gives the mobility of the intracranial membranes

A

falx cerebri

falx cerebelli

tentorium cerebelli

(inside is the venous sinus)

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21
Q

the tentorium and the falx create a _ _ _

A

reciprocal tension membrane

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22
Q

what is the reciprocal tension membrane (RTM)

A

this is a functioning unit that holds the bones of the vault and base uunder constant tension

dura is so tough

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23
Q

the RTM allows but limits _

A

motion

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24
Q

the RTM acts as a _ storing energy in _ and releasing in _

A

spring

flexion

extension

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25
Q

a study was done in 2018 looking at the brain there were slices done every 45 seconds that revealed _ motions of brain tissue. there was a change in _ but no change in _ of the head

A

sub-voxel motions

area, widthm heightm feret, major axis

no change in perimeter and minor axis

26
Q

what are the main poles of attachement for the RTM (reciprocal tension membrane)

A

frontal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital

27
Q

the RTM and dura have a signifigant role in _ flow

A

vascular

28
Q

the _ sinus runs between the two folds of the dura

A

sagital sinus

there is also the confluence of sinues, tranverse sinus, and straight sinus is the venous sinus space in between the folds

29
Q

_ mobility and _ signifigantly impacts the PRM (primary respiratory movement)

A

fascial

continuity

30
Q

what are the 4 main fascial layers

A

pannicular, axial/appendicular, menningial, visceral

31
Q

what fascial layer includes the dura and surrounds the nervous system

A

meningeal fascia

32
Q

there is _ of the fascia from head to toe

A

continuity

33
Q

in flexion what does the SBS do

A

it rises superiorly

distance between the inferior angle of the spenoid and ossiput DECREASES

the head will widen and DECREASE its AP diameter becoming more spherical and increasing total internal volume

34
Q

cranial inhalation = sbs _

A

flexion

35
Q

in SBS extension what happens

A

the SBS moves inferiorly and the distance INCREASES between the inferior angle of the sphenoid and occiput

greater wing moves superiorly and posteriorly (head tall and narrow)

people die with exhalation

36
Q

cranial exhalation= sbs _

A

extension

37
Q

dura attaches from the _ _ to the posterior body and disc of _ in the spinal canal

A

foramen magnum

S2

38
Q

the dura forms the _ _ between the occiput and the sacrum

A

core link

39
Q

in cranial flexion _ movement of the occiput creates _ on the duraand the force is translated to the sacrum

A

superior

traction

40
Q

in cranail extension the tension is _ and the sacrum _

A

released

return

41
Q

sacrum nutation (towards the nuts) is matched with SBS _

A

extension

42
Q

sacral extension

base moves:

apex moves:

A

base: anteriorinferior

apex: posterior

on palpation of the sacrum the sacral body pushes into the palm of the hand

43
Q

sarcum counternutation is matched with SBS _

A

flexion

44
Q

sacrum counternutation

base moves:

apex moves:

A

base: posterior superior

apex: anterior

on palpation the sacrum pushes into finger tips

45
Q

what kindof junction is the SBS

A

a synchondrosis

  • hyaline cartilage
46
Q

midline bones

A

occiput and sphenoid

47
Q

midline bones motion

axis

A

flexion and extension

transverse axis

48
Q

paired bones movement

A

internal/external rotation

49
Q

flexion of the midline bones results in _ of the paired bones

A

external rotation

flex + external rotation= flexternal rotation

50
Q

the parietal bone in SBS flexion and SBS extension

A

SBS flexion: the sagital articulation moves inferiorly and temporal articulation moves laterally (cranium widens)- external rotation

SBS extension: sagital articulation moves superiorly, temporal articulation moves medially (narrows)- internal rotation

51
Q

the temporal bones axis is?

A

inferior to the petroud ridge

52
Q

axis of the frontal bone

motion:

A

acts like a hinge: 2 vertical axis with a horizontal plane of motion

axes from center of orbital roof through frontal eminence

53
Q

motion of the frontal bone

glabella motion:

A

external rotation during sbs flexion: glabella moves posteriorly

internal rotation during SBS extension; glabella moves anteriorly

54
Q

flexion of the ethmoid - crista galli does what

A

the crita galli moves superiorly and posterioly

55
Q

flexion of the ethmoid the crista galli does what

A

swings inferiorly and anteriorly

56
Q

vomer motion drives the _ and _

A

palatine and maxillaries

57
Q

the vomer follows the _ like the beak of a winged bird

A

sphenoid

58
Q

the vomer depresses the _ _ with SBS flexion

A

hard palate

59
Q

vomer flexion gives what kind of palate

A

wide flat palate

60
Q

vomer extension gives what palate

A

narrow tall palate

61
Q

the posterior part of the vomer does what

A

depresses the palatine and flattens the roof of the mouth

62
Q

the anterior part of the palatine does what

A

decesnds to externally rotate the premaxillae

ECOS IV (9 decks)

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