Cranial

Question 1

What are the motions of the cranial bones during

cranial extension?

Answer 1

During cranial extension

long AP axis

short/narrow transverse axis

sacral nutation (sacrum dips forward)

All paired bones are internally rotated

Question 2

What are the cranial findings during cranial flexion?

Answer 2

Cranial Flexion:

Short AP axis

wide transverse axis

sacrum= counternutation

all paired bones externally rotate

Question 3

What 5 factors that make up the primary respiratory motion?

Answer 3

The 5 factors that make up the Primary Respiratory Motion are:

1. The ebb and flow of the CSF during inhalation and exhalation
2. Mobility btween the sacrum and ila
3. motility of the brain and spinal cord
   
   1. coiling during flexion/inhalation
   2. uncoiling during exhalation/extension
4. Mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes
5. Involuntary mobility of the cranial bones.

Question 4

What factors increase PRM?

Answer 4

Factors that increase PRM above the normal 10-14 cycles per minute include:

Systemic Fever

Strenuous Physical Exercise

OMT Directed at the PRM/CRI

Question 5

Factors that Decrease the PRM include:

Answer 5

Factors that decrease the PRM below the normal 10-14 cycles per minute include:

Emotional or physical distress

Depressoin

Chronic Infection

Chronic Fatigue

Question 6

What are the midline bones in the cranium?

Answer 6

The ethmoid, sphenoid, and occiput are the midline bones of the cranium.

Question 7

What are the paired cranial bones?

Answer 7

The temporal and parietal are paired cranial bones.

They move into internal rotation during extension.

Question 8

What are the axes of rotation during cranial sidebending?

Answer 8

cranial sidebending occurs around

one AP axis

2 vertical axes