Cram Flashcards
Amplitude definition and what it affects
Distance the particle travels from its fixed position
Loudness
Frequency definition, unit and what it affects
Number of whole vibrations in one second Hertz
Pitch
Radio waves: frequency, wavelength and energy
Low frequency
Longer wavelength
Low energy
Gamma rays: frequency, wavelength and energy
High frequency
Shorter wavelength
High energy
0K in °C
-273°C
Pressure law
Pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportionate to the kelvin temperature provided that the volume and amount of gas remains constant
Boyles law
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume provided that temperature and amount of gas remains constant
Magnetic field line
Shows the shape, direction and strength of the magnetic field and follows the path by a free North Pole
Magnetic field
A volume of space around a magnetic material in which the force of magnetism can be detected by moving electric charges and magnetic poles
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
Size of induced voltage is directly proportionate to the rate of the magnetic field lines being cut
High scatter of alpha particles
Slow alpha particles Highly charged (large) nucleus
Low scatter of alpha particles
Fast alpha particles Low charged (small) nucleus
Ionisation
When alpha, beta or gamma can knock electrons out of atoms and molecules to produce ions
Fission
Releasing large amounts of kinetic energy by bombarding large unstable nuclei with neutrons until it splits
Splitting of a nucleus by the absorption of a neutron
Why do nuclei emit gamma rays
To get rid of excess energy in a highly excited/ energetic state
Activity definition
Number of decays and therefore particles admitted per unit time
Uses of radioactivity (4)
Sterilise food and medical equipment
Radiotherapy to kill cancer cells by ionising radiation
Non-medical tracers to find leaks and blockages in underground piles
Medical tracers to find tumours
Describe orbit of comets and planets
Comet orbit is elliptical
Planetary orbit is almost circular
AC circuit
Voltage continuously varies from positive to negative so the current continuously changes direction
For total internal reflection to occur:
Angle of incidence > critical angle
Wave is in a dense medium moving towards a less dense medium
