Craig Flashcards
What is Craig’s basic Argument?
The field of communication does not exist yet because there is no consensus
Rhetorical Theorized as
the practical art of discourse
Rhetorical problems
Social exigency requiring collective deliberation and judgment
Rhetorical key terms
Art
Method
communicator
audience
strategy
commonplace
logic
emotion
Rhetorical Accepted Assumptions
Power of words
Value of informed judgment
improbability of practice
Rhetorical challenged assumptions
Mere words are not actions
appearance is not reality
style is not substance
the opinion is not the truth
Semiotics is theorized as
intersubjective mediation by signs
Semiotic problems
misunderstanding or gap between subjective viewpoints
Semiotic Key terms
Sign/symbol
icon
index
meaning
referent
code
language
medium
(mis)understanding
Appeals to Semiotic
Understanding requires a common language
the omnipresent danger of miscommunication
Challenges to Semiotic
words have correct meaning and stand for thoughts
codes and media are neutral channels
Phenomenological is theorized as
Experienced otherness; Dialogue
Phenomenological problems
absence of, or failure to sustain, authentic human relationship
Phenomenological key terms
experience,
self & other
dialogue
genuineness
supportiveness
openness
Phenomenological appeals
everyone needs human contact
should treat others as persons
respect differences
seek common ground
Phenomenological challenges
communication is skill
the word is nothing the thing
facts are objective and values are subjective
Cybernetic is theorized as
information processing
Cybernetic Problems
Noise
overload
a malfunction or bug in the system
Cybernetic key terms
source
receiver
signal
information
noise
feedback
redundancy
network
function
Cybernetic Appeals
Identity of mind and brain
value of information and logic
complex systems can be unpredictable
Cybernetic Challenges
humans and machines differ
emotion is not logical
linear order of cause and effect
Sociopsychological is theorized as
Expression, interaction, and influence
Sociopsychological Problems
a situation requiring the manipulation of causes of behavior to achieve specific outcomes
Sociopsychological Key terms
behavior
Variable
effect
personality
emotion
perception
cognition
attitude
interaction
Sociopsychological Appeals
communication reflects personality
Beliefs and feelings bias judgment
people in groups affect one another
Sociopsychological Challenges
Humans are rational beings
we know are own minds
we know what we mean
Sociocultural is theorized as
(Re)production of social order
Sociocultural Problems
Conflict
Alienation
misalignment
Failure of Coordination
Sociocultural Key terms
Society
structure
practice
ritual
rule
socialization
culture
identity
coconstruction
Sociocultural Appeals
The individual is a product of society
every society has a distinct culture
social actions have unintended effects
Sociocultural Challenges
individual agency & responsibility
absolute identity of self
the naturalness of the social order
Critical is theorized as
Discursive reflection
Critical Problems
hegemonic ideology
systematically distorted speech situation
Critical Key Terms
Ideology
dialect
oppression
consciousness-raising
resistance
emancipation
Critical Appeals
self-perpetuation of Power & Wealth
values of freedom
equality & reason
discussion produces awareness
insight
Critical Challenges
Naturalness and rationality of traditional social order
objectivity of science & technology
