CPUs Flashcards
Manufacturers
AMD, Intel are the big ones
CPU
Central Processing Unit
What does a CPU do?
Performs calculations on raw data
Byte
8 bits
bit
1 or 0
machine language
language that cpu speaks
Speed
TOP speed potential
Ghz billion calculations per second
System Crystal
Quartz Oscillator - frequency acts like a metronome and pushes the CPU, multiplies frequency by CPU multiplier and runs CPU at higher speed
Motherboard speed
About max speed is 400 Mhz
Overclocking
turning up multiplier on unlocked cpu making it faster than the speed it is tested and rated to run at.
Hyper-threading
One pipeline that can handle multiple tasks at the same time
Multi-Core
More than one cpu core on one chip (each core acts as its own cpu)
Cache
Extremely fast memory (SRAM) ON the CPU chip for CPU use, fed by RAM, avoids pipeline stalls by keeping things ready for the CPU
pipeline stall
Line of code from RAM isn’t at CPU when it needs to be, hundreds of CPU cycles lost waiting for the code from RAM.
Level 1 Cache
~64k ram runs at speed of CPU
Level 2 Cache
Feeds L1 Cache at ~half speed, ~128/256k
Level 3 Cache (common but not always present)
Mb size, runs at base MB speed
Set association
How cache is efficient at handing off code to CPU
AMD cache
Big Cache
Intel cache
Smaller cache but smarter/more efficient
Socket
Shape/form of connections between CPU and MB
PGA
Pin Grid Array - Pins from CPU into holes on MB
LGA
Land Grid Array - flat contact pads on CPU to contact pins/pads on MB
microarchitecture
circuit diagram on the CPU die (photo-lithographic process, not soldering)
Family names (sandy bridge, Kaby Lake, etc..)
Multiple CPUs with same microarchitecture
Motherboards vs CPU
Specific to AMD or Intel architecture
Socket LGA 1151
Land grid array with 1151 contacts/pins mainstream/mid-grade to enthusiast Intel CPU
Socket LGA 2066
Land grid array with 2066 contacts/pins High End Enthusiast Intel CPU socket
Socket AM4
PGA Mainstream/mid-grade - to enthusiast AMD CPU socket
Socket TR4
PGA enthusiast High End AMD CPU socket
