CPTP3.17 Pharmacology Of Antimicrobial 3

Question 1

Name 4 classes of antimalaria drugs

Answer 1

Quinolines
Antimetabolites
Antibiotics
Artemisinin

Question 2

Name 4 drugs of the quinoline class

Answer 2

Quinine
Chloroquinine
Mefloquine
Primaquin

Question 3

What class of antimalarial is malarone?

Answer 3

Malarone is AKA proguanil

DHFR inhibitor.

Question 4

Mechanism of action of quinines and the parasite life cycle stage

Answer 4

Taken up by cell as lysosome, binds to haemin, prevents neutralising reaction - accumulation of super oxide anions wshich kill the parasite.

Blood shizont and gametozoite phase

Question 5

Which phase of the parasite do chloroquinines work on?

Answer 5

Erythrocytic phase, blocks blood shizonts and kills gametozoites

Question 6

Side effects of quinines

Answer 6

“Cinchonism” = hearing deficits/ringing/headaches.

Heart effects

Question 7

What precautions should be taken before taking quinines?

Answer 7

Do ECG to assess heart function

Interacts with digitalis and warfarin.

Question 8

What other drug adds toxicity to quinine if taken together?

Answer 8

Mefloquine

Question 9

Side effects of chloroquinine

Answer 9

Pruiritis in dark skinned asians
Dizziness
Lowers BP -> dizziness

Question 10

What drugs can be given with chloroquinines to counteract the side effects?

Answer 10

Diazepam and adrenaline

Question 11

What stages does mefloquine work on?

Answer 11

Blood shizont and gametozoite phase.

Question 12

Side effects of mefloquine?

Answer 12

Vivid dreams

Worsening of mental illnessess.

Question 13

What allows weekly dosing of mefloquine?

Answer 13

Long half life

Question 14

What is lumefantrin often given with?

Answer 14

Arteisin combination therapy

Artesunate + lumefantrine = riamet

Question 15

Mechanism of lumefantrin

Answer 15

Inhibits parasite mitochondria, works on exoerythrocytic shizont, hypnozoites and gametozoites.

Question 16

How does artemisinin work?

Answer 16

Breaks peroxide bridge, create free radicals in parasites

Question 17

Which drug is able to target all stages of the parasite life cycle?

Answer 17

Atovaquone

Question 18

Treatment for nematodes?

Answer 18

Ivermectin + albendazole

Question 19

Treatment for platyhelminths

Answer 19

Prazequantal and/or albendazole

Question 20

Mechanism of action of -azoles

Answer 20

Prevent formation of ergosterol in fungal membrane, disrupting structure

Question 21

Mechanism of action of amphotericin and nystatin?

Answer 21

Binds ergosterol, form pores that cause leakage of electrolytes

Question 22

Treatment for gardiasis?

Answer 22

Metronidazole or similar

Question 23

Treatment for entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 23

Nitroimidazole and the like

Question 24

Treatment for trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis

Answer 24

Pentamidine

Question 25

Treatment for ancylostoma duodenale?

Answer 25

Albendazole

Question 26

What can ivermectin be used on?

Answer 26

Onchocerciasis
Strongyloidiasis
Ascariasis
Filariasis
Scabies

Question 27

What parasites are considered filiaris

Answer 27

Loa loa

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 28

Treatment for schistosomiasis?

Answer 28

Parziquantal

Question 29

What kind of worm is taenia solium?

Answer 29

Flat worm

Question 30

Treatment for Taenia infestation?

Answer 30

Praziquantal and albendazole