CPE 047 SAS 2-4 Flashcards
is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on a small chip capable of
performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) operations and communicating with the other devices connected
to it.
Microprocessor
Microprocessor consists
ALU, register array, and a control unit.
performs arithmetical
and logical operations on the data received from the memory or an input device.
ALU
consists
of registers identified by letters like B, C, D, E, H, L and accumulator.
Register array
controls the flow of
data and instructions within the computer.
control unit
It performs the necessary arithmetic and logic operations and controls the timing and general
operation of the complete system.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
are used for feeding data into the CPU, examples of these devices are toggle
switches, analog-to-digital converters, paper tape readers, card readers, keyboards, disk etc.
Input devices
are used for delivering the results of computations to the outside world; examples are light
emitting diodes, cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, digital-to-analog converters, card and paper-tape
punches, character printers, plotters, communication lines etc.
output devices
thus allows
the computer to usefully communicate with the outside world.
input/output
Input-output devices are also called as
peripherals.
It stores both the instructions to be executed (i.e., the program) and the data involved.
Memory
RAMs
random-access memories
ROMS
read-only memories).
WHAT IS INSIDE A MICROPROCESSOR?
The microprocessor or CPU reads each instruction from the memory, decodes it and executes it.
It processes the data as required in the instructions. The processing is in the form of arithmetic and logical
operations. The data is retrieved from memory or taken from an input device and the result of processing
is stored in the memory or delivered to an appropriate output device, all as per the instructions. To perform
all these functions, the μP (microprocessor) incorporates various functional units in an appropriate
manner. Such an internal structure or organizational structure of μP, which determines how it operates,
is known as its architecture.
Such an internal structure or organizational structure of μP, which determines how it operates,
is known as its
architecture.
The particular microprocessor-based systems that happen to be used as a computer are called
microcomputers.
is a multipurpose, clock driven, register based, digital-integrated circuit which
accepts binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides
results as output.
The microprocessor
is a computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip that contains millions of transistors connected by wires.
Microprocessor
Components of Microprocessor
Arithmetic Logic Unit, Register Array, Control Unit
is used to control the instructions and it generates the signals to operate the other
components.
Control Unit
consists of registers. Registers that are used by the programmer to store arbitrary data are known as general-purpose registers and the registers which are not used by a programmer to store the data are known as the reserved registers.
Register array
is the greatest invention of the 20th century.
microprocessor
The transistor technology led to the development of complex devices called
integrated circuits
(ICs).
MPU
microprocessing unit
Ryzen 7
10.7 T
intel 4004
first microprocessor and a 2300 trnasitors
VLSI
Very
large-scale integration
NMOS
n-channel metal oxide-semiconductor
HMOS
high density
metal-oxide-semiconductor