CPA ISC - S2 M1 IT Infrastructure Flashcards
What is a modem?
A modem connects a network to an internet service provider’s network. This essentially establishes the connection.
What is a router?
A router manages network traffic by connecting devices to form a network.
What is a switch?
A switch is similar to a router in that they connect and divide devices within a network. However, switches are more basic and do not do advanced functions such as assigning IP addresses.
What is a gateway?
A gateway acts as an intermediary between different networks. Gateways transform data from one protocol language into another, such as transforming data into TCI/IP which is the “universal” language on the internet.
What are Edge-Enabled devices?
Edge-enabled devices allow computing, storage, and networking functions closer to the devices where the data or system request originates, rather than a distant central location. This has the benefit of faster network response times.
What are servers?
Servers are physical or virtual machines that coordinate the computers, programs, and data that are part of the network.
Ex:
Client –> Request –> Server –> Response –> back to Client
What is a firewall?
A firewall protects network traffic by filtering it through security protocols with predefined rules. Firewalls also assign IP addresses.
How do basic packet-filtering firewalls work?
Basic packet-filtering firewalls work by analyzing network traffic that is transmitted in packets and determining whether that firewall software is configured to accept the data.
How do circuit-level gateway firewalls work?
Circuit-Level Gateway firewalls work by verifying the source of a packet.
How do application-level gateway firewalls work?
Application-level gateway firewalls work by inspecting the packet itself.
How do network address translation firewalls work?
Network address translation firewalls work by assigning an internal network address to specific approved external sources so that those sources are approved to be inside the firewall.
How do stateful multilayer inspection firewalls work?
Stateful multilayer inspection firewalls work by combining packet-filtering and network address translation.
How do next-gen firewalls work?
Next-gen firewalls assign different firewall rules to different applications and users.
What are the 5 types of network topologies?
- Linear
- Tree
- Ring
- Mesh
- Star
What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?
A LAN is limited in geographic area such as a home or office.
What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?
A WAN provides access to large geographic areas such as cities. An example of a WAN is the internet.
What is a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN)?
A SD-WAN monitors performance of WAN connections and manages traffic to optimize connectivity.
What is firmware?
Firmware is software that is locally embedded in hardware instructing the hardware how to operate. Essentially, firmware operates like software but exists locally on the machine and is not updated frequently.
What are the 4 cloud computing deployment models?
- Public
- Private
- Hybrid
- Community
Cloud Computing Deployment Model - Public
The cloud in this model is owned and managed by a CSP that makes the cloud services available to people or organizations who want to use or purchase them.
Cloud Computing Deployment Model - Private
The cloud in this model is created for a single organization and is managed by the organization or a CSP. The infrastructure can exist on or off the org premises.
Cloud Computing Deployment Model - Hybrid
The cloud in this model is composed of two or more clouds, with at least one being private, that remain unique.
Cloud Computing Deployment Model - Community
The cloud infrastructure is shared by multiple organizations to support a common interest, such as companies banding together for regulatory compliance, a common mission, or collaboration with industry peers.
What are the 5 components of the COSO ERM framework?
- Governance and Culture
- Strategy and Objective-Setting
- Performance
- Review and Revision
- Information, Communication, and Reporting
