CP1: Acute Inflammation Flashcards
what are the 3 phases of the movement of WBC’s to the point of injury:
- Margination
- Pavementing
- Transmigration
What are the macroscopic changes in acute inflammation?
Rubor -redness Tumor - swelling Callor - heat Dolor - pain Functio Laesa - loss of function
redness
rubor
swelling
tumor
heat
calor
pain
dolor
loss of function
functio laesa
rubor
redness
tumor
swelling
calor
heat
dolor
pain
functio laesa
loss of function
what are the microsopic changes in acute inflammation
- initial constriction THEN dilation of vessels
- Increased blood flow
- Increased permeability
- formation of exudate
- migration of leukocytes through wall
- oedema
what is exudate
mass of cells and fluid that seep out of blood vessels or an organ
during acute inflammation,
hyrdostatic pressure ____
and osmotic pressure____
increases,
decreases
what does increasing the permeability of post-capillary venules do?
– enhances migration of cells
– dilution of toxins
– stimulates lymphatics/immune response
– deposition of proteins eg fibrin to form mechanical barrier
what is margination?
when WBC’s move the the peripheral part of the blood flow
what is pavementing?
when WBC’s stick to the wall pavement of endothelial cells
what is transmigration/diapedesis?
the movement of WBC’s through the wall to get to the bacteria
what are neutrophil polymorphs?
-the first cells to arrive to site, and the predominan cell for the first 6-24 hrs
-most common polymorph
-mobile, phagocytic and responds to chemotaxis
-segmented nucleus, granular cytoplasm (i.e. full of granules containing enzymes)
NO STAMINA; die off when the work is done
what are eosinophils?
- bilobed (has 2 lobes)
- red granules
- found especially in allergies & helminth infections (parasitic worms)
what are basophils/mast cells
blue/purple cytoplasm;
- degranulates with the release of vasoactive amines
- contain anticoagulant heparin, which prevents blood from clotting too quickly. They also contain the vasodilator histamine, which promotes blood flow to tissues
what are monocytes/macrophages?
(same thing but called monocytes when in circulating cells, and marophages when in tissue)
- the 2nd main cell in acute inflammation; predominates after 24 hrs
- mobile; phagocytic, responds to chemotaxis
- bean-shaped nucleus
- attacks and clears up
what is chemotaxis?
the movement of WBCs towards a chemical
what things draw WBCs (phagocytes) towards them?
- Bacteria
- fungi
- immune complexes
- toxins
- complement components
- lipoxygenase products
- white cell breakdown products
what are the three pahses of phagocytosis?
- recognition and attachment – mechanical contact – opsonisation (APPLYING KETCHUP ON THE CHICKEN NUGGETS). A complement on the antibody further draws the WBC to the antibody.
- engulfment – phagosome
- killing and degradation – lysosomal contents
what is opsonisation?
A complement on the antibody further draws the WBC to the antibody.
what is the importance of mediators?
ensure that you don’t destroy all your tissues
clinical features of acute inflammation
• Pyrexia (temp) • drowsiness • lethargy • leukocytosis • decreased appetite • acute phase proteins (plasma related i.e. c related proteins)
