CP etiology

Question 1

definition of CP

Answer 1

a group of permanent disorders of the development of MOVEMENT AND POSTURE causing activity limitation, that are attributed to NONPROGRESSIVE disturbances that occurred in the DEVELOPING FETAL OR INFANT BRAIN

Question 2

prevalance of CP

Answer 2

about 2-3 children out of every 1,000 will be diagnosed with CP

most common childhood motor disability

Question 3

key points for definition of CP

Answer 3

non progressive lesion
developing brain
disorder of posture and movement (accompanied by other problems)

Question 4

prenatal risk factos

Answer 4

genetics
infections (TORCH)
placental complications
prematurity

Question 5

perinatal risk factos

Answer 5

infections (TORCH)
birth complications resulting in lack of ocygen

Question 6

postnatal

Answer 6

head trauma
near drowning
strokes
meningitis

Question 7

TORCH

Answer 7

toxoplasmosis
other
rubella
cytomegalovirus
herpes simplex virus

Question 8

CP pathogenesis - peiventricular leukomalacia (PVL)

Answer 8

most common cause
leads to hemorrhagic or ischemic injuries

damage to white matter of the brain from lack of blood flow

more sensitive to injury between 26 and 34 weeks of pregnancy

Question 9

CP pathogenesis - brain hemorrhage

Answer 9

intraventricular or periventricular hemorrhage

most occur within the first 48 hours after birth

more focal - specific blood vessels and area of brain

Question 10

CP Pathogenesis - lock of oxygen

Answer 10

hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy (HIE)
- damage to whole brain

symptoms typically evolve over a period of 72 hrs after birth

more diffuse - damage to the whole brain

Question 11

CP Pathogenesis - Brain Malformation

Answer 11

infections, fever, trauma, or gene mutations can cause the brain to develop abnormally

drug exposure, radiation, viruses

may cause hemorrhagic or ischemic injuries

Question 12

grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)

Answer 12

isolated to the germinal matrix

Question 13

grade 2 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)

Answer 13

bleeding occurs in ventricles, ventricles maintain normal size

Question 14

grade 3 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)

Answer 14

when bleeding occurs in ventricles, ventricles maintain normal size

volume of blood has caused ventricles to expand

Question 15

grade 4 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)

Answer 15

when hemorrhage spreads into the periventricular white matter

necrosis that really causes difficulty neurologically

unilateral problems presents like someone who had a stroke

Question 16

hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) risk factors

Answer 16

lack of oxygen to the whole system

• maternal hypotension/hypertension
• placental/uterus complications
• injury from the umbilical cord
• fetal heart problems
• trauma
• fetal infections

Question 17

key takeaways

Answer 17

nonprogressive lesion, immature brain, and disorder of posture and movement

periventricular white matter is very susceptible to hemorrhagic or ischemic lesion

severity and topography of CP is related to time of injury, the degree of injury, and the cause of injury/damage

diagnosing CP based on combined findings from the neurological assessment, neuroimaging, and assessment of posture and movement

Question 18

some CP children have normal MRI T or F

Answer 18

T

Question 19

motor tracks closest to the ventricles are for the legs so if bleed is smaller what is involved

Answer 19

leg and trunk

for larger bleed more parts would be involved