CP Chapter 4

Question 1

What makes a state non democratic

Answer 1

• Lack of electoral accountability to the people
• Individuals and groups are subject to hierarchical authority of the state
• Selection of leaders by a small subset
• Leaders are chosen and removed by a Selectorate

Question 2

Totalitarian

Answer 2

• Coercively mobilize citizens in the name of a certain ideology
• Has a central ideology
• Has little to no degree of social plurality
• Government wants to influence ever part of people’s lives
• Shape people into one ideology

Question 3

Authoritarian

Answer 3

• Less coercive mobilization goal is to disengage people politically
• Coercion is used to limit political pluralism and freedoms
  No central ideology
  Higher degree of social plurality
  Power through strength

Question 4

Fascism

Answer 4

• emphasizes nationalism and loyalty to the state
• Racism and social darwinism are a factor
• Glorifies leaders who are believed to embody national will

Question 5

Communism

Answer 5

• universally class struggle to abolish the capitalist class and the government to take control of the means of production
• Use coercion to transform society to transform society according to ideologistic principles
• Developed from marxist thought
• Evolved into a totalitarian ideology under Lenin, further developed by Stalin
  Characteristics may vary outside of the USSR
• Place emphasis on internationalism

Question 6

Monarchies

Answer 6

• Usually rules guiding family succession
  Constitutional monarchies have rules shaping leader power, often assemblies, legislatures, or royal courts
• Effective head of government bears the title of king (or something similar) and has a hereditary successor or predecessor
• Leaders assume power via birthright
• Selectorate: family and kin networks (royal family)
• Institutionalization: usually rules guiding succession, constitutional monarchies have rules shaping leader power often have ,assemblies, legislatures, or royal courts
• Ex. Jordan (constitutional monarchy)

Question 7

Single party regime (civilian)

Answer 7

• the state is ruled by the party
• Selectorate: ruling party elites
• Institutionalization: party rules generally shape leader selection and removal
• Accountability runs between leaders and selectorate
• China example: Communist party committee selects members of the politburo (executive leadership), but the politburo also selects members of the central committee
• Often hold elections; usually to rubber stamp the party’s selected leader, sometimes more competitive at the local level, but the party will select the candidates
• Ex. Kenyan African national union

Question 8

Military Regimes

Answer 8

• Effective head of government is a current or past member of the armed forces
• Leaders often rules as part of a junta or committee
• Come to power through as coup
• When military or economic interests are threatened
• When economic interests connected to military are threatened
• Sometimes with support of foreign interests
• Or when civilian government is perceived as corrupt or incompetent
• Selectorate: military officers
• Institutionalization: highly institutionalized
• Entry into electorate requires moving up military ranks
• Leadership selection functions on military rule
• Ex. military regime in Brazil (1964-1985)

Question 9

Oligarchy

Answer 9

• Selectorate consists of small social, economic, or political elite, which selects a leader to represent their interests
  Informal institutionalization
• Contrast to a monarchy is membership in the selectorate is not determined by family ties, but more economic or political status
• Famous example Russia under Boris Yeltzen

Question 10

Theocracy

Answer 10

• leader who claim divine guidance hold authority to rule
• The selctorate consists of high religious authorities
• The institutionalization of the regime will depend on what faith group is in charge

Question 11

Personalistic regime (civilian)

Answer 11

• Selectorate: less clear, small group of leader allies
• Leader often strategically promotes and demotes people in order to maintain control
• Key feature is lack of institutionalization
• Lack of clear rules guiding politics and the transfer of political power
• Ruling strategies:
  Create cult of personality
  Make social, economic, and political actors
  Use corruption and payoffs to generate loyalty