CP 34 - UTI Flashcards
what are the normal flora in kidney/ureters
sterile?
what are the normal flora in bladder
usually considered to be sterile but this may not be the case
what are the normal flora in urethra
perineal flora (skin/lower GI tract flora)
what are some examples of perineal flora?
skin flora - predominantly coagulase -ve staphylococci
lower GI tract flora - enterobacteriaceae, enterococcus spp.
what is cystitis ?
inflammation of the bladder
what are some symptoms for cystitis?
dysuria, urinary frequency, urgery, supra-pubic pain/tenderness
polyuria, nocturia, haematuria
what is nocturia?
frequent urination during the night
what are some symptoms for pyelonephritis?
lower UTI symptoms
loin/abdominal pain/tenderness
fever
what is urtheral syndrome
inflammation of the urethra - can also be know as abacterial cystitis
symptoms of lower UIT without demonstrable infection
what are the range of significant bacteriuria
105 cfu/mL = “significant bacteriuria”
104-105 cfu/mL = probable infection
what is asymptomatic bacteriuria
no symptoms of urinary tract infection
what is sterile pyuria
pus cells in urine, no organisms grown
what are the different route of spread for UTI?
perineum - movement of bacteria along a lumen
fistulae - movement of bacteria from genital/GI tract to urinary tract
haematogenous - seeding of infection from the blood (rare)
what are some common organism which can cause UTI
E. Coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (CNS), enterococcus spp.
what are some test which can be used for UIT detection
dipstick - blood, protein, nitrite, WBC
microbiological - urine (mid-stream urine), blood,
imaging
blood test
